Shloka 153

Satya–Anṛta Viveka (Discrimination between Truth and Falsehood) | सत्य–अनृत विवेकः

Devanagari script

श्रेयस्तत्रानृतं वक्तुं सत्यादिति विचारितम्‌ | यदि न बतानेसे उस धनीका बचाव हो जाता हो तो किसी तरह वहाँ कुछ बोले ही नहीं; परंतु यदि बोलना अनिवार्य हो जाय और न बोलनेसे लुटेरोंके मनमें संदेह पैदा होने लगे तो वहाँ सत्य बोलनेकी अपेक्षा झूठ बोलनेमें ही कल्याण है; यही इस विषयमें विचारपूर्वक निर्णय किया गया है

Transliteration

śreyas tatrānṛtaṁ vaktuṁ satyād iti vicāritam |

Translation

ພີສະມະກ່າວວ່າ: ໃນສະຖານະການແບບນັ້ນ ໄດ້ພິຈາລະນາຢ່າງຮອບຄອບແລ້ວສະຫຼຸບວ່າ ການເວົ້າບໍ່ຈິງມີປະໂຫຍດກວ່າການເວົ້າຄວາມຈິງ. ເມື່ອຄວາມຈິງຈະເປີດເຜີຍໃຫ້ຄົນມີຊັບຕົກຢູ່ໃນອັນຕະລາຍ—ເຊັ່ນຖືກໂຈນຈັບຍຶດ—ແລະການນິ່ງງຽບກໍເຮັດບໍ່ໄດ້ເນື່ອງຈາກຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ໂຈນສົງໄສ ການໂກຫຼກເພື່ອປົກປ້ອງຈຶ່ງຖືກຕັດສິນວ່າເປັນທາງທີ່ດີກວ່າຕາມທຳມະ.

Word by Word

• [{'term': 'śreyas', 'definition': 'the better good

• what is more beneficial or conducive to welfare'}, {'term': 'tatra', 'definition': 'there

• in that situation/context'}, {'term': 'anṛtam', 'definition': 'untruth

• false statement (as opposed to satya)'}, {'term': 'vaktum', 'definition': 'to speak

• to say'}, {'term': 'satyāt', 'definition': 'than truth

• from/compared to truth'}, {'term': 'iti', 'definition': 'thus

• in this manner (marking the conclusion/quotation)'}, {'term': 'vicāritam', 'definition': 'considered, deliberated, decided after reflection'}]

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

When truth-telling would directly cause harm, and silence is not a viable option, dharma may favor a protective untruth; the criterion is śreyas—what best preserves welfare and prevents injury.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Bhishma’s instruction on dharma in the Shanti Parva, he addresses a practical ethical case: if speaking the truth would enable wrongdoers (e.g., robbers) to harm a person, then after deliberation it is deemed better to speak a falsehood rather than facilitate harm through truth.