Shloka 273

Devanagari script

एवं व्युत्क्रान्तधर्मेण व्युत्क्रम्य समयं हत: । “जैसे कोई सोये अथवा पागल हुए मनुष्यको मार दे या धोखेसे जहर देकर किसीकी हत्या कर डाले

Transliteration

evaṁ vyutkrāntadharmeṇa vyutkramya samayaṁ hataḥ |

Translation

ສັນຊະຍະ ກ່າວວ່າ: «ດັ່ງນັ້ນ ໂດຍຜູ້ທີ່ຫຼຸດອອກຈາກທຳມະ—ຜູ້ທີ່ລະເມີດຂໍ້ຕົກລົງແຫ່ງການປະລອງ—ຂ້າພະເຈົ້າຈຶ່ງຖືກຕີໃຫ້ລົ້ມລົງ.» ຂໍ້ຄວາມນີ້ຊີ້ວ່າ ການສັງຫານບໍ່ແມ່ນແຕ່ການແພ້ຊະນະໃນສະໜາມຮົບ ແຕ່ເປັນການລະເມີດຈັນຍາ: ຜູ້ເວົ້າກ່າວຫາວ່າ ການຕີນັ້ນຝ່າຝືນ “ສະມະຍະ” ຂອງການດວນຄະທາ (mace-duel) ແລະຈຶ່ງເປັນ ອະທຳ ບໍ່ແມ່ນຊັຍຊະນະອັນຊອບທຳ.

Word by Word

• एवम्: thus, in this manner
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम्

• व्युत्क्रान्तधर्मेण: by one who has transgressed dharma / by transgressed-dharma conduct
• व्युत्क्रान्तधर्मेण: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्युत्क्रान्तधर्म
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• व्युत्क्रम्य: having transgressed, having violated
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-उत्-क्रम्
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)

• समयम्: the agreement, convention, rule
• समयम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: समय
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• हतः: slain, killed
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन्
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights that in dharma-based warfare, legitimacy depends not only on winning but on honoring agreed rules (samaya). A victory gained by violating the code is portrayed as ethically tainted, and the language ‘vyutkrāntadharma’ marks such conduct as a departure from righteous order.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports a killing/defeat described as occurring through a breach of the established terms of combat. The speaker characterizes the blow as one delivered after transgressing the duel’s convention, emphasizing moral controversy rather than mere martial outcome.