Shloka 3

Adhyāya 33: Antarvedī-Samāgama, Arghya-Nirṇaya, and Śiśupāla’s Objection

Devanagari script

सर्वारम्भा: सुप्रवृत्ता गोरक्षा कर्षणं वणिक्‌ । विशेषात्‌ सर्वमेवैतत्‌ संजज्ञे राजकर्मण:

Transliteration

sarvārambhāḥ supravṛttā gorakṣā karṣaṇaṁ vaṇik | viśeṣāt sarvam evैतat saṁjajñe rājakarmaṇaḥ ||

Translation

ໄວສັມປາຍະນະ ກ່າວວ່າ: ກິດຈະກຳທຸກຢ່າງທີ່ເລີ່ມເຮັດ ລ້ວນດຳເນີນໄປດີ ໂດຍສະເພາະການຮັກສາງົວ, ການໄຖນາປູກຝັງ, ແລະການຄ້າ. ແທ້ຈິງແລ້ວ ເພາະການບໍລິຫານທີ່ເປັນລະບຽບຂອງພະຣາຊາ ທຸກສິ່ງເຫຼົ່ານີ້ຈຶ່ງສຳເລັດດີງາມ.

Word by Word

• सर्वारम्भाः: all undertakings (works begun on all sides)
• सर्वारम्भाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्वारम्भ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सुप्रवृत्ताः: well set in motion / proceeding well
• सुप्रवृत्ताः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुप्रवृत्त
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• गोरक्षा: protection of cows
• गोरक्षा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: गोरक्षा
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• कर्षणम्: ploughing / cultivation
• कर्षणम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्षण
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• वणिक्: trade / merchant activity
• वणिक्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वणिज्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• विशेषात्: especially; in particular
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: विशेष
• Form: true

• सर्वम्: all (this)
• सर्वम्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• एव: indeed; just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव
• Form: true

• एतत्: this
• एतत्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• संजज्ञे: came to be / arose / happened
• Type: Verb
• Root: जन्
• Form: Perfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Ātmanepada

• राजकर्मणः: from the king's administration / royal governance
• राजकर्मणः: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजकर्मन्
• Form: Neuter, Ablative, Singular

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• the king (rājā)
• cattle (go)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse teaches that effective kingship (rājakarma/rāja-dharma in action) is the foundation of public welfare: when the ruler maintains order and proper administration, agriculture, cattle-protection, and commerce thrive, benefiting the whole society.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vaiśampāyana describes a period of well-being in the kingdom: various economic and social activities—especially cattle-rearing/protection, farming, and trade—are running smoothly, attributed chiefly to the king’s sound governance.