Shloka 45
यथा वैतरणीमुग्रां दुस्तरामकृतात्मभि: । तथा दुस्तरणीं घोरां भीरूणां भयवर्धिनीम्
sañjaya uvāca | yathā vaitaraṇīm ugrāṃ dustarām akṛtātmabhiḥ | tathā dustaraṇīṃ ghorāṃ bhīrūṇāṃ bhayavardhinīm ||
ສັນຊະຍະກ່າວວ່າ: «ດັ່ງແມ່ນ້ຳໄວຕະຣະນີອັນດຸຮ້າຍ ທີ່ຜູ້ບໍ່ຝຶກຕົນຂ້າມໄດ້ຍາກ, ສະນັ້ນແມ່ນ້ຳອັນນ່າສະພຶງກົວນີ້—ເກືອບຈະຂ້າມບໍ່ໄດ້—ຜູ້ໃດຂີ້ຂວັນກໍຍິ່ງເພີ່ມຄວາມຢ້ານ, ຢູ່ຕໍ່ໜ້າພວກເຂົາ».
संजय उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse contrasts inner discipline with moral and psychological weakness: what is ‘crossable’ for the self-controlled becomes terrifying and impassable for the uncontrolled and cowardly. It frames fear as a consequence of lacking self-mastery (akṛtātman), especially amid the horrors of war.
Sañjaya describes the battlefield scene through a powerful simile: the carnage is likened to the fearsome Vaitaraṇī river. The imagery underscores how the same battlefield is endured by the brave but overwhelms the timid, setting the ethical tone for the unfolding combat.