Shloka 31

दुःशासनवधः (Duḥśāsana-vadha) — Bhīma’s vow-fulfillment in combat

Devanagari script

अक्रोशन्त तत: सर्वे धार्तराष्ट्रा: सराजका:

Transliteration

akrośanta tataḥ sarve dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ sa-rājakāḥ

Translation

ສັນຊະຍະເວົ້າວ່າ: ແລ້ວບັນດາລູກຊາຍຂອງ ທຣິຕຣາສຕຣະ ທັງໝົດ—ພ້ອມກັບກະສັດຂອງພວກເຂົາ—ກໍພາກັນຮ້ອງຕະໂກນດ້ວຍຄວາມໂກດ ແລະຄໍາຕໍ່ວ່າ. ຂໍ້ຄວາມນີ້ຈັບໃຫ້ເຫັນການລົ້ມສະລາຍທາງຈິດໃຈທີ່ມັກຕາມຫຼັງຄວາມຫຍິ້ງຍໂສແລະຄວາມຢ້ານໃນສົງຄາມ: ເມື່ອເຫດການກັບກາຍເປັນຮ້າຍ ຄໍາຫຍາບຄາຍແລະການໂທດກັນຈະເກີດຂຶ້ນ ແທນຄວາມອົດກັ້ນແລະປັນຍາ.

Word by Word

• अक्रोशन्त: shouted/abused
• अक्रोशन्त: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: क्रुश्
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect), परस्मैपदम्, 3, Plural

• ततः: then/thereupon
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात्)

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• धार्तराष्ट्राः: the Dhārtarāṣṭras (sons/party of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)
• धार्तराष्ट्राः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: धार्तराष्ट्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सराजकाः: together with their kings
• सराजकाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स-राजक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanjaya
• Dhritarashtra (implied by dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ)
• Kauravas (Dhartarashtras)
• the king of the Kauravas (Duryodhana, implied by sa-rājakāḥ)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how unrestrained speech (krośa/akrośa) arises from fear, anger, and wounded pride in conflict. Ethically, it points to the importance of self-control and measured speech, especially in crisis, since abusive outcry often signals loss of dharmic composure.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sanjaya reports that the Kaurava side—along with their king—erupts into loud shouting and reproach. It indicates a moment of agitation in the Kaurava camp, typically triggered by a sudden setback or a disturbing turn in the battle.