Mahabharata 7.21.63 — Drona Parva, Adhyaya 21, Shloka 63

द्रोणविक्रमदर्शनम् / The Display of Droṇa’s Onslaught and the Debate on Pāṇḍava Regrouping

Devanagari script

एतांश्षान्यांश्व सुबहूनू नानाजनपदेश्वरान्‌ । सर्वान्‌ द्रोणोड5जयद्‌ युद्धे कुरुभि: परिवारित:

Transliteration

etāṁś cānyāṁś ca bahūn nānā-janapadeśvarān | sarvān droṇo 'jayad yuddhe kurubhiḥ parivāritaḥ ||

Translation

ສັນຊະຍາກ່າວວ່າ: ດໂຣນາ ຜູ້ຖືກກອງກຸຣຸລ້ອມຮອບແລະໜຸນຫຼັງ ໄດ້ຊະນະນັກຮົບເຫຼົ່ານີ້ທັງໝົດໃນສົງຄາມ—ແລະຍັງຊະນະກະສັດອື່ນໆອີກຫຼາຍ ຜູ້ເປັນເຈົ້າແຫ່ງນານາແດນ. ຂໍ້ນີ້ຊີ້ໃຫ້ເຫັນຄວາມເຄື່ອນໄຫວອັນໝອງມືດຂອງສົງຄາມ: ຄວາມເກັ່ງກາຈະກຳລັງຮົບ ເມື່ອມີກອງທັບໃຫຍ່ໜຸນຫຼັງ ອາດກົດຂີ່ໄດ້ແມ່ນແຕ່ວີລະຊົນຜູ້ມີຊື່ສຽງ, ແລະຍົກຄວາມຕຶງຕັນລະຫວ່າງໜ້າທີ່ໃນສະໜາມຮົບ ກັບຄ່າເສຍຫາຍທີ່ເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນທັງຊີວິດ ແລະທຳມະ.

Word by Word

• एतान्: these
• एतान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• शूरान्: heroes/warriors
• शूरान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शूर
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• अन्यान्: other
• अन्यान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्य
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• बहून्: many
• बहून्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहु
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• नाना: various
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नाना

• जनपद: country/realm
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनपद
• Form: Masculine, Stem (in compound), Singular

• ईश्वरान्: lords/rulers
• ईश्वरान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ईश्वर
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• सर्वान्: all
• सर्वान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• द्रोणः: Drona
• द्रोणः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रोण
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अजयत्: conquered/defeated
• Type: Verb
• Root: जि
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• युद्धे: in battle
• युद्धे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: युद्ध
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• कुरुभिः: by the Kurus
• कुरुभिः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुरु
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• परिवारितः: surrounded/encircled
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परि-√वृ (वारयति) / परिवारित
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Droṇa
• Kurus
• various janapada rulers (kings of diverse realms)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how collective force and strategic support (being 'parivāritaḥ' by the Kurus) amplifies an individual warrior’s effectiveness, intensifying the ethical strain of war: prowess and duty can produce sweeping victory, yet such success also accelerates destruction and tests dharma.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Droṇa, backed and surrounded by Kuru forces, defeated the previously mentioned warriors and many other kings from different regions during the ongoing battle.