Shloka 43

द्रौणि-पार्षतयोर्युद्धम् | The Duel of Aśvatthāmā

Drauṇi) and Dhṛṣṭadyumna (Pārṣata

Devanagari script

सतुतंविरथं कृत्वा स्मयन्नत्यन्तवैरिणम्‌

Transliteration

satutam virathaṃ kṛtvā smayann atyantavairiṇam

Translation

ສັນຈະຍະກ່າວວ່າ: ເມື່ອເຂົາເຮັດໃຫ້ອີກຝ່າຍກາຍເປັນຜູ້ບໍ່ມີລົດຮົບແລ້ວ ເຂົາກໍຍິ້ມໃສ່ສັດຕູຜູ້ບໍ່ຍອມອ່ອນຂໍ້ນັ້ນ—ໃນຈັນຍາບັນອັນແຂງກະດ້າງຂອງສົງຄາມ ມັນເປັນທັງເຄື່ອງໝາຍແຫ່ງອຳນາດ ແລະການຫຍັບຫຍາມໂດຍຈົ່ງໃຈຕໍ່ຜູ້ທີ່ຄວາມອາຄາດແຄ້ນໄດ້ຂຶ້ນສູ່ຂີດສຸດ.

Word by Word

• सूतम्: the charioteer
• सूतम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूत
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• विरथम्: without a chariot, dismounted
• विरथम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विरथ
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• कृत्वा: having made
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)

• स्मयन्: smiling
• स्मयन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्मि
• Form: शतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अत्यन्त-वैरिणम्: the utterly bitter enemy
• अत्यन्त-वैरिणम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अत्यन्तवैरिन्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The line highlights a battlefield ethic where stripping an opponent of his chariot signifies dominance; the smile underscores the psychological dimension of war—victory is not only physical but also moral and emotional, raising questions about restraint and dignity even amid justified combat.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that a warrior has been made chariotless (viratha), and the victor smiles at his fiercest enemy—indicating a turning point in the duel where one side gains a clear advantage and asserts it openly.