अनुशासनपर्व अध्याय ९३ — तपस्, सदोपवास, विघसाशन, अतिथिप्रियता
Austerity, regulated fasting, residual-eating, and hospitality
स्वाध्यायनिष्ठा ऋषयो ज्ञाननिष्ठास्तथैव च | तपोनिष्छाश्ष बोद्धव्या: कर्मनिष्ठाश्न भारत
svādhyāyaniṣṭhā ṛṣayo jñānaniṣṭhās tathaiva ca | taponiṣṭhāś ca boddhavyāḥ karmaniṣṭhāś ca bhārata bhārata ||
ພີສະມະກ່າວວ່າ: «ໂອ ພາຣະຕະ, ຈົ່ງເຂົ້າໃຈວ່າໃນບັນດາລະສີ ມີຄວາມໝັ້ນຄົງຕໍ່ເສັ້ນທາງຕ່າງໆ: ບາງພວກໝັ້ນໃນສະວາດະຢາຍ (svādhyāya) ຄືການສຶກສາຄຳພີສັກສິດ, ບາງພວກໝັ້ນໃນຍານ (jñāna) ຄືປັນຍາຮູ້ແທ້, ບາງພວກໝັ້ນໃນຕະປັສ (tapas) ຄືການບຳເນັດພະຕະບະ, ແລະບາງພວກໝັ້ນໃນກັມມະ (karma) ຄືການປະຕິບັດການງານຢ່າງມີວິໄນ»។
भीष्म उवाच
Bhīṣma teaches that spiritual excellence is not confined to a single method: sages may be firmly grounded in sacred study, knowledge, austerity, or dutiful action. Each can be a valid discipline when pursued with steadiness (niṣṭhā) and aligned with dharma.
In the Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma continues instructing Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma. Here he classifies sages by their predominant commitment—study, knowledge, austerity, or action—guiding the king to respect diverse legitimate modes of religious and ethical life.