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Shloka 1

Putra-Bheda: Kṣetraja, Kṛtaka, Apasada, and Saṃskāra Determinations (पुत्रभेद-निर्णयः)

अपन क्रा छा अं क्ााज षट्चत्वारिशो5 ध्याय: स्त्रियोंके वस्त्रा भूषणोंसे सत्कार करनेकी आवश्यकताका प्रतिपादन भीष्म उवाच प्राचेतसस्य वचन कीर्तयन्ति पुराविद: । यस्या: किंचिन्नाददते ज्ञातयो न स विक्रय:

bhīṣma uvāca | prācetasasya vacanaṁ kīrtayanti purāvidaḥ | yasyāḥ kiṁcin nādadate jñātayo na sa vikrayaḥ ||

ພີສະມະກ່າວວ່າ: «ໂອ ຢຸທິສຖິຣະ, ບັນດານັກປັນຍາຜູ້ຮູ້ປະເພນີໂບຮານ ໄດ້ເລົ່າອ້າງຖ້ອຍຄໍາຂອງ ປຣາເຈຕະສ (ດັກຊະ ປຣະຊາປະຕິ) ດັ່ງນີ້. ຖ້າຍາດພີ່ນ້ອງຂອງສາວນ້ອຍຮັບຊັບສິນທີ່ຕັ້ງໃຈໄວ້ເພື່ອເຄື່ອງນຸ່ງຫົ່ມ ແລະ ເຄື່ອງປະດັບຂອງນາງ ແຕ່ບໍ່ໄດ້ເອົາສ່ວນໃດໜຶ່ງເຂົ້າຕົນ, ນັ້ນບໍ່ແມ່ນ ‘ການຂາຍ’ ສາວນ້ອຍ. ມັນເປັນພຽງການໃຫ້ກຽດແກ່ນາງ—ເປັນການກະທໍາທີ່ອີງໃສ່ຄວາມເມດຕາ—ແລະ ຊັບທັງໝົດທີ່ໄດ້ມາໃນນາມນາງ ຄວນຖວາຍໃຫ້ນາງທັງສິ້ນ»។

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
प्राचेतसस्यof Prācetasa (Daksha/one descended from Pracetas)
प्राचेतसस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootप्राचेतस
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
वचनम्statement, saying
वचनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवचन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कीर्तयन्तिthey recount, they proclaim
कीर्तयन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootकीर्तय्
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
पुराविदःknowers of ancient lore/history
पुराविदः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुराविद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
यस्याःof whom (of which woman)
यस्याः:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
किञ्चित्anything, something
किञ्चित्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आददतेtakes, accepts
आददते:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-दा
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
ज्ञातयःkinsmen, relatives
ज्ञातयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञाति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सःthat (it/he)
सः:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विक्रयःsale, selling
विक्रयः:
TypeNoun
Rootविक्रय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
Y
Yudhishthira
P
Pracetas (Daksha Prajapati)
P
purāvidaḥ (ancient tradition-knowers)
J
jñātayaḥ (kinsmen/relatives)
V
vastra (clothing)
B
bhūṣaṇa (ornaments)

Educational Q&A

Wealth received in connection with a maiden’s marriage is not to be treated as her ‘sale’ if the relatives do not appropriate it for themselves; it should function as an honorific provision for her clothing and ornaments, and be given to her in full.

In Bhishma’s instruction to Yudhishthira on dharma, he cites an old authoritative saying attributed to Pracetas/Daksha to clarify the ethical boundary between honoring a bride with gifts and the immoral notion of selling her.