Shloka 31

धर्मनिन्दा–धर्मोपासनाफलम् तथा साध्वाचारलक्षणम्

Fruits of Disparaging vs. Observing Dharma; Marks of Good Conduct

Devanagari script

यजते नित्ययज्ञैश्व स्वाध्यायपरम: शुचि: । दान्तो ब्राह्मणसत्कर्ता सर्ववर्णबुभूषक:

Transliteration

yajate nityayajñaiś ca svādhyāyaparamaḥ śuciḥ | dānto brāhmaṇasatkārtā sarvavarṇabubhūṣakaḥ ||

Translation

ພຣະມະເຫສະວະຣະຕັດວ່າ: «ໃຫ້ໄວສະຍະ (Vaiśya) ຜູ້ບໍລິສຸດ ແລະຍຶດໝັ້ນໃນສະວາທະຍາຍ (ການສຶກສາພຣະເວດ) ບູຊາເປັນນິດດ້ວຍຍັດຍະ (ພິທີບູຊາ) ປະຈໍາວັນ. ດ້ວຍການຄວບຄຸມຕົນ ໃຫ້ເຂົາເຄົາລົບ ແລະຮັບໃຊ້ພຣາຫມະນະ (Brāhmaṇa) ແລະປາຖະໜາຄວາມຜາສຸກ ແລະຄວາມເຈຣິນຂອງວັນນະທັງປວງ. ດ້ວຍວິໄນແຫ່ງທໍາຂອງຄົນຄອບຄົວ—ອີງໃສ່ການສຶກສາ ການສຳລວມ ແລະໜ້າທີ່ແຫ່ງຍັດຍະ—ເຂົາຈະຄວນຄ່າແກ່ສະຖານະ ‘ທະວິຊະ’ (dvija) ແລະໄດ້ຮັບຄວາມບໍລິສຸດ ແລະການເກີດອັນສູງສົ່ງ».

Word by Word

• यजते: he worships/sacrifices
• यजते: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: यज्
• Form: Lat, Ātmanepada, 3, Singular, Kartari

• नित्य-यज्ञैः: with daily sacrifices
• नित्य-यज्ञैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: नित्ययज्ञ
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• स्वाध्याय-परमः: having self-study as the highest (aim)
• स्वाध्याय-परमः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्वाध्यायपरम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• शुचिः: pure
• शुचिः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शुचि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• दान्तः: self-controlled
• दान्तः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दान्त
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ब्राह्मण-सत्कर्ता: one who honors Brahmins
• ब्राह्मण-सत्कर्ता: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्राह्मणसत्कर्तृ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सर्व-वर्ण-बुभूषकः: desiring the welfare/prosperity of all varṇas
• सर्व-वर्ण-बुभूषकः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्ववर्णबुभूषक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Śrī Maheśvara (Mahādeva/Śiva)
• Vaiśya
• Brāhmaṇa
• Varṇa (social orders)
• Yajña (sacrifice)
• Svādhyāya (Vedic study)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A Vaiśya should perfect household dharma through purity, daily sacrificial obligation, devotion to svādhyāya, self-restraint, and respectful service of Brāhmaṇas, while aiming at the welfare of all social orders; such conduct elevates and purifies him.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Anuśāsana Parva, Śrī Maheśvara is giving prescriptive instruction on proper conduct (dharma). This verse outlines the ethical-ritual profile expected of a Vaiśya householder: continual yajña, study, restraint, and social responsibility.