Shloka 33

Umā–Maheśvara-saṃvāda: Varṇa-bhraṃśa, Ācāra (Vṛtta), and Karmic Ascent/Decline

Devanagari script

वह सौ जन्मोंतक नरकमें पकाया जाता है। ऋषिगण कभी उसके उद्धारका अनुमोदन नहीं करते हैं ।।

Transliteration

saḥ śatajanmāntakaṁ narake pacāyate | ṛṣigaṇāḥ kadācana tasya uddhāram anumodante na || tasmād gāvo na pādena spraṣṭavyā vai kadācana | brāhmaṇaś ca mahātejā dīpyamānas tathānalaḥ ||

Translation

ທັມມະກ່າວວ່າ: «ຄົນນັ້ນຖືກຕົ້ມຢູ່ໃນນະລົກຕະຫຼອດຮ້ອຍຊາດ; ບັນດາລະສີບໍ່ເຄີຍອະນຸມັດການພົ້ນໄພຂອງເຂົາ. ດັ່ງນັ້ນ ຜູ້ປາຖະໜາປະໂຫຍດແທ້ແກ່ຕົນ ແລະຍຶດຖືຄວາມປະພຶດຖືກຕ້ອງ ບໍ່ຄວນແຕະດ້ວຍຕີນ—ເມື່ອໃດກໍຕາມ—ງົວ, ພຣາຫມັນຜູ້ສະຫວ່າງໄສ, ຫຼືໄຟທີ່ລຸກໂຊນ. ຂ້ອຍໄດ້ກ່າວແລ້ວເຖິງໂທດທີ່ຕົກແກ່ຜູ້ຍົກຕີນຕໍ່ທັງສາມນີ້»។

Word by Word

• तस्मात्: therefore/from that
• तस्मात्: Apadana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तस्मद् (तद्-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Ablative singular (masc/neut)

• गावः: cows
• गावः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, nominative plural

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न
• Form: Negation particle

• पादेन: with the foot
• पादेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, instrumental singular

• स्प्रष्टव्या: should be touched
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्पृश् (धातु) → स्प्रष्टव्य (कृत्-प्रत्यय: तव्यत्)
• Form: Gerundive (obligative), feminine nominative plural (agreeing with गावः)

• वै: indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै
• Form: Emphatic particle

• कदाचन: ever/at any time
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कदाचन
• Form: Adverb

• ब्राह्मणः: a Brahmin
• ब्राह्मणः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्राह्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, nominative singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च
• Form: Conjunction

• महातेजाः: of great splendor
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महातेजस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, nominative singular (agreeing with ब्राह्मणः)

• दीप्यमानः: blazing
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दीप् (धातु) → दीप्यमान (शतृ/शानच्-प्रत्यय; वर्तमान कृदन्त)
• Form: Masculine, nominative singular (agreeing with अनलः)

• तथा: likewise/also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा
• Form: Adverb

• अनलः: fire
• अनलः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, nominative singular

Speaker

धर्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Dharma (Dharmarāja/Yama as speaker)
• ṛṣigaṇa (sages)
• gāvaḥ (cows)
• brāhmaṇa (Brahmin)
• anala/agni (fire)
• naraka (hell)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

One should never show contempt by touching with the foot what is held sacred—cows, Brahmins, and fire. Disrespect toward these is portrayed as a grave adharma with severe karmic consequences.

What is happening in the narrative?

Dharma, in a didactic context typical of the Anuśāsana Parva, lays down a rule of conduct and warns of the punishment awaiting those who violate it, emphasizing that even sages do not endorse the offender’s release.