Shloka 50

कल्माषपाद-शाप-कारणम्

Cause of Kalmāṣapāda’s Niyoga under a Curse

Devanagari script

तस्यां संजनयामास कुरुं संवरणो नृपः । तपत्यां तपतां श्रेष्ठ तापत्यस्त्वं ततोडर्जुन

Transliteration

tasyāṁ sañjanayāmāsa kuruṁ saṁvaraṇo nṛpaḥ | tapatyāṁ tapatāṁ śreṣṭha tāpatyās tvaṁ tato ’rjuna ||

Translation

ພະຣາຊາ ສຳວະຣະນະ (Saṃvaraṇa) ໄດ້ໃຫ້ກຳເນີດ ກຸຣຸ (Kuru) ໃນນາງ ຕະປະຕີ (Tapatī)។ ດັ່ງນັ້ນ ໂອ ອັຣຈຸນ (Arjuna) ຜູ້ຍິ່ງໃຫຍ່ໃນຫມູ່ນັກຕະປະ—ເນື່ອງຈາກເຈົ້າເກີດໃນສາຍພົວພັນນັ້ນ ເຈົ້າຈຶ່ງຖືກເອີ້ນວ່າ ‘ຕາປັດຍະ’ (Tāpatya) ຜູ້ສືບສາຍຈາກ ຕະປະຕີ.

Word by Word

• तस्याम्: in her (in Tapati)
• तस्याम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Feminine, Locative, Singular

• संजजनयामास: begot / caused to be born
• संजजनयामास: Kriya
• Type: Verb
• Root: संजन् (धातु: जन्) / जनय् (णिजन्त)
• Form: Periphrastic Perfect (लिट्, आम्-प्रत्यययुक्त), Third, Singular

• कुरुम्: Kuru (the son named Kuru)
• कुरुम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुरु
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• संवरणः: Saṃvaraṇa
• संवरणः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: संवरण
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• नृपः: the king
• नृपः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृप
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तपत्याम्: in Tapati (in her womb)
• तपत्याम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपती
• Form: Feminine, Locative, Singular

• तपताम्: of those who practice austerity
• तपताम्: Sambandha
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तपत् (शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त, √तप्)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• श्रेष्ठ: O best
• श्रेष्ठ: Sambodhana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्रेष्ठ
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• तापत्यः: descendants of Tapati (Tāpatyas)
• तापत्यः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: तापत्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• त्वम्: you
• त्वम्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ततः: therefore / from that
• ततः: Hetu
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रभव अव्यय)

• अर्जुन: O Arjuna
• अर्जुन: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्जुन
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

गन्धर्व उवाच

Characters & Entities

• गन्धर्व (Gandharva speaker)
• संवरण (Saṁvaraṇa)
• तपती (Tapatī)
• कुरु (Kuru)
• अर्जुन (Arjuna)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse grounds social and royal identity in lineage: Arjuna and the Kurus are called Tāpatyas because their dynastic ancestor Kuru was born from King Saṁvaraṇa and Tapatī. It emphasizes legitimacy and inherited identity through recognized genealogical descent.

What is happening in the narrative?

A Gandharva explains to Arjuna the origin of the Kuru line: Saṁvaraṇa fathered Kuru on Tapatī, and thus those born in that line—including Arjuna—are designated Tāpatya, ‘descendants of Tapatī.’