Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 21

Akrūra’s Mission: The Departure from Vraja and the Yamunā Vision of Viṣṇu-Ananta

क्रूरस्त्वमक्रूरसमाख्यया स्म न- श्चक्षुर्हि दत्तं हरसे बताज्ञवत् । येनैकदेशेऽखिलसर्गसौष्ठवं त्वदीयमद्राक्ष्म वयं मधुद्विष: ॥ २१ ॥

krūras tvam akrūra-samākhyayā sma naś cakṣur hi dattaṁ harase batājña-vat yenaika-deśe ’khila-sarga-sauṣṭhavaṁ tvadīyam adrākṣma vayaṁ madhu-dviṣaḥ

ໂອ ຜູ້ກຳນົດຊະຕາ! ແມ່ນແຕ່ມາດ້ວຍນາມ «ອະກຣູຣະ» ແຕ່ແທ້ຈິງທ່ານໂຫດຮ້າຍ; ເພາະທ່ານກຳລັງພາກຕາທີ່ເຄີຍໃຫ້ແກ່ພວກເຮົາໄປດຸດຄົນໂງ່. ດ້ວຍຕານັ້ນເຮົາເຄີຍເຫັນ ແມ່ນແຕ່ສ່ວນໜຶ່ງໃນຮູບຂອງພຣະມະທຸດວິສະ ສຣີກຣິດສະນະ ຄວາມສົມບູນງາມຂອງການສ້າງທັງປວງຂອງທ່ານ।

krūraḥcruel
krūraḥ:
Kartṛ-samānādhikaraṇa (कर्तृ-समानाधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootkrūra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga (masculine), Prathamā vibhakti (nominative/1st), Ekavacana (singular); used as predicate adjective
tvamyou
tvam:
Kartā (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyusmad (प्रातिपदिक सर्वनाम)
FormSarvanāma (pronoun), Puṁliṅga (context), Prathamā (nominative/1st), Ekavacana
akrūra-samākhyayāby the name ‘Akrūra’
akrūra-samākhyayā:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Roota-krūra (प्रातिपदिक) + samākhyā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga (feminine) samākhyā, Tṛtīyā vibhakti (instrumental/3rd), Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: ‘akrūrā samākhyā’ = ‘name (as) Akrūra’
smaindeed/forsooth (particle)
sma:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsma (अव्यय)
FormNipāta (particle), स्म—past/assurance marker with finite verb
naḥour
naḥ:
Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (प्रातिपदिक सर्वनाम)
FormSarvanāma (pronoun), Ṣaṣṭhī vibhakti (genitive/6th), Bahuvacana (plural)
cakṣuḥeye(s)/sight
cakṣuḥ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootcakṣus (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुṁsaka (neuter), Dvitīyā vibhakti (accusative/2nd), Ekavacana
hiindeed/for
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormNipāta (particle) expressing emphasis/causal nuance
dattamgiven
dattam:
Karma-viśeṣaṇa (कर्म-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdā (धा धातु) → datta (कृदन्त)
FormKta-pratyaya past passive participle (क्त), Napuṁsaka, Dvitīyā (accusative/2nd), Ekavacana; agrees with cakṣuḥ
haraseyou take away/steal
harase:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Roothṛ (हृ धातु)
FormLaṭ-lakāra (present), Madhyama-puruṣa (2nd person), Ekavacana; Ātmanepada form
bataalas/indeed!
bata:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootbata (अव्यय)
FormNipāta (exclamatory particle)
ajña-vatlike an ignorant person
ajña-vat:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रिया-विशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootajña (प्रातिपदिक) + vat (वत् तद्धित)
FormAvyayībhāva-like adverbial usage; vat-suffix forming ‘like/as’
yenaby which/whereby
yena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक सर्वनाम)
FormSarvanāma, Puṁliṅga/Napuṁsaka (contextual), Tṛtīyā (instrumental/3rd), Ekavacana
eka-deśein one place/part
eka-deśe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rooteka (प्रातिपदिक) + deśa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga deśa, Saptamī vibhakti (locative/7th), Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: ‘one part/place’
akhila-sarga-sauṣṭhavamthe perfection of the entire creation
akhila-sarga-sauṣṭhavam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootakhila (प्रातिपदिक) + sarga (प्रातिपदिक) + sauṣṭhava (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṁsaka, Dvitīyā (accusative/2nd), Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa chain: ‘of all creation’ + ‘perfection/beauty’
tvadīyamyour
tvadīyam:
Karma-viśeṣaṇa (कर्म-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roottvadīya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṁsaka, Dvitīyā (accusative/2nd), Ekavacana; possessive adjective qualifying sauṣṭhavam
adrākṣmawe saw
adrākṣma:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootdṛś (दृश् धातु)
FormLuṅ-lakāra (aorist), Uttama-puruṣa (1st person), Bahuvacana (plural), Parasmaipada
vayamwe
vayam:
Kartā (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (प्रातिपदिक सर्वनाम)
FormSarvanāma, Prathamā (nominative/1st), Bahuvacana
madhu-dviṣaḥO slayer/enemy of Madhu
madhu-dviṣaḥ:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootmadhu (प्रातिपदिक) + dviṣ (द्विष् धातु) → dviṣ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Sambodhana/Prathamā (vocative/nominative) Bahuvacana form; tatpuruṣa: ‘enemy of Madhu (demon)’ = epithet of Kṛṣṇa

The gopīs did not care to see anything but Kṛṣṇa; therefore if Kṛṣṇa left Vṛndāvana, their eyes would have no function. Thus Kṛṣṇa’s departure was blinding these poor girls, and in their distress they berated Akrūra, whose name means “not cruel,” as cruel indeed.

K
Krishna
A
Akrura
G
Gopis

FAQs

Because He gives them eyes to see Him and awakens intense love, yet He removes Himself from their vision—deepening the pain of separation (viraha) that is central to their devotion.

It is a wordplay: although the name Akrūra means “not cruel,” the gopīs feel that Kṛṣṇa’s departure—facilitated by the events involving Akrūra—makes the situation unbearably cruel for them.

It teaches that longing for God can intensify devotion: when spiritual consolation feels distant, one can transform that ache into steady remembrance, prayer, and deeper commitment rather than discouragement.