मणिः कौटोमालेयकः पारसमुद्रकश्च ॥ कZ_०२.११.२८ ॥
maṇiḥ kauṭomāleyakaḥ pārasamudrakaśca
ແກ້ວມະນີປະກອບມີປະເພດທີ່ເອີ້ນວ່າ «kauṭomāleyaka» ແລະ «pārasamudraka».
Origin labels allow differentiated pricing, duty assessment, and risk controls (counterfeits, substitution) in long-distance luxury trade.