Shloka 5

Saṃjñā–Chāyā Upākhyāna: Sūrya-tejas, Substitution, and the Birth of Manu, Yama, and Yamunā

Devanagari script

यमश्च यमुना चैव यमलौ संबभूवतुः । एवं हि त्रीण्यपत्यानि तस्यां जातानि सूर्य्यतः

Transliteration

yamaśca yamunā caiva yamalau saṃbabhūvatuḥ | evaṃ hi trīṇyapatyāni tasyāṃ jātāni sūryyataḥ

Translation

ಯಮನು ಮತ್ತು ಯಮುನಾ ಜೋಡಿಯಾಗಿ (ಜವಳಿ) ಜನಿಸಿದರು. ಹೀಗೆ ಸಂಜ್ಞೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಸೂರ್ಯನಿಂದ ನಿಜವಾಗಿ ಮೂರು ಸಂತಾನಗಳು ಹುಟ್ಟಿದವು.

Word by Word

• यमः: Yama
• यमः: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन — ‘Yama’

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Coordinator)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय — समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction: ‘and’)

• यमुना: Yamunā
• यमुना: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यमुना (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन — ‘Yamunā’

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Coordinator)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय — समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction)

• एव: indeed
• एव: अवधारण (Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय — अवधारण (particle: ‘indeed/just’)

• यमलौ: the twins
• यमलौ: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यमल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), द्विवचन — ‘the twins’

• संबभूवतुः: were born/came into being
• संबभूवतुः: क्रिया (Verb/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect/परोक्षभूत), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), द्विवचन — ‘came to be/were born’ (with सम्- prefix)

• एवम्: thus
• एवम्: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय — प्रकारवाचक (adverb: ‘thus/in this way’)

• हि: indeed/for
• हि: सम्बन्धसूचक (Discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय — हेत्वर्थक/निश्चयार्थक-निपात (particle: ‘indeed/for’)

• त्रीणि: three
• त्रीणि: विशेषण (Adjectival modifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रि (संख्याप्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, बहुवचन — ‘three’ (agreeing with अपत्यानि)

• अपत्यानि: children
• अपत्यानि: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अपत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन — ‘children’

• तस्याम्: in her
• तस्याम्: अधिकरण (Locative/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन — ‘in her’

• जातानि: born
• जातानि: क्रियाविशेषण/विधेय (Predicative participle)
• Type: Verb
• Root: जात (कृदन्त; √जन्)
• Form: भूतकृत् (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन — ‘born’ (agreeing with अपत्यानि)

• सूर्य्यतः: from the Sun
• सूर्य्यतः: अपादान (Source/Ablative/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन — ‘from the Sun’

Speaker

Suta Goswami

Shaiva Theology

Tattva Level: pashu

Shakti Dimension

Shakti Form: Tārā

Role: nurturing

Characters & Entities

• Surya
• Yama
• Yamuna

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in the Shiva Purana?

It presents cosmic order as divinely instituted: Yama embodies dharma and moral restraint, while Yamunā represents purifying grace—together indicating that ethical law and spiritual purification support the soul’s progress toward Shiva (Pati).

How does this verse relate to the worship of the Linga or Saguna Shiva?

Though genealogical, it supports the Shaiva vision that all deities and functions (like judgment and purification) operate within the Lord’s cosmic governance; Linga-worship aligns the devotee with that higher order, seeking Shiva’s grace beyond karmic bondage.

What ritualistic or meditative practice is suggested here?

A practical takeaway is purification and dharma: bathe with reverence in sacred waters (symbolized by Yamunā) and maintain ethical self-restraint (symbolized by Yama), while sustaining Shiva-japa such as the Panchakshara mantra “Om Namaḥ Śivāya.”