Shloka 10

सात्त्विकं दैवतानां हि यतीनामूर्द्ध्वरेतसाम् । राजसं दानवानां हि मनुष्याणां तथैव च । तामसं राक्षसानां हि नराणां क्रूरकर्मणाम्

sāttvikaṃ daivatānāṃ hi yatīnāmūrddhvaretasām | rājasaṃ dānavānāṃ hi manuṣyāṇāṃ tathaiva ca | tāmasaṃ rākṣasānāṃ hi narāṇāṃ krūrakarmaṇām

ದೇವತೆಗಳ ಸ್ವಭಾವ ಮುಖ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಸಾತ್ತ್ವಿಕ; ಹಾಗೆಯೇ ಬ್ರಹ್ಮಚರ್ಯದಿಂದ ವೀರ್ಯಸಂಯಮ ಹೊಂದಿರುವ ಯತಿಗಳದ್ದೂ. ದಾನವರ ಸ್ವಭಾವ ರಾಜಸ, ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ಮನುಷ್ಯರದ್ದೂ ಹಾಗೆಯೇ. ರಾಕ್ಷಸರ ಸ್ವಭಾವ ತಾಮಸ; ಕ್ರೂರಕರ್ಮಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ತೊಡಗಿರುವ ನರರದ್ದೂ ಅದೇ.

सात्त्विकम्sāttvic
सात्त्विकम्:
विशेष्य-निर्देश (Predicate/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootसात्त्विक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; (तपः इत्यध्याहार्यं)
दैवतानाम्of the deities
दैवतानाम्:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootदैवत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (समूहार्थे), षष्ठी (6th), बहुवचन
हिindeed
हि:
सम्बन्ध/निपात (Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (indeed/for)
यतीनाम्of ascetics
यतीनाम्:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootयति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), बहुवचन
ऊर्ध्वरेतसाम्of those with upward-retained semen (celibate)
ऊर्ध्वरेतसाम्:
विशेषण (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootऊर्ध्व (प्रातिपदिक) + रेतस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसमासः—बहुव्रीहि (ऊर्ध्वं रेतः येषां ते); पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), बहुवचन; यतीनाम् इति विशेषणम्
राजसम्rājasic
राजसम्:
विशेष्य-निर्देश (Predicate/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootराजस (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; (तपः इत्यध्याहार्यं)
दानवानाम्of the Dānavas (demons)
दानवानाम्:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootदानव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), बहुवचन
हिindeed
हि:
सम्बन्ध/निपात (Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (indeed)
मनुष्याणाम्of humans
मनुष्याणाम्:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), बहुवचन
तथाlikewise
तथा:
सम्बन्ध/निपात (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formप्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (adverb: likewise/so)
एवindeed
एव:
सम्बन्ध/निपात (Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (emphasis)
and
:
सम्बन्ध/निपात (Conjunction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)
तामसम्tāmasic
तामसम्:
विशेष्य-निर्देश (Predicate/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootतामस (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; (तपः इत्यध्याहार्यं)
राक्षसानाम्of Rākṣasas
राक्षसानाम्:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootराक्षस (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), बहुवचन
हिindeed
हि:
सम्बन्ध/निपात (Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (indeed)
नराणाम्of men/people
नराणाम्:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootनर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), बहुवचन
क्रूरकर्मणाम्of those whose deeds are cruel
क्रूरकर्मणाम्:
विशेषण (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootक्रूर (प्रातिपदिक) + कर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसमासः—बहुव्रीहि (क्रूराणि कर्माणि येषां ते); पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), बहुवचन; नराणाम् इति विशेषणम्

Suta Goswami (narrating Shaiva philosophical teaching to the sages at Naimisharanya)

Tattva Level: pashu

Significance: Ethical-psychological mapping: sāttvika orientation aligns with deva-like conduct and brahmacarya; rājasa with desire-driven striving; tāmasa with cruelty—serves as a diagnostic for pilgrims to reform conduct before undertaking vrata/abhisheka.

D
Devas
Y
Yatis
D
Danavas
H
Humans
R
Rakshasas

FAQs

It teaches that beings and behaviors are shaped by the three guṇas, and that spiritual ascent toward Shiva is supported by sāttvika qualities—clarity, restraint, and inner purity—especially as seen in disciplined ascetics.

Linga and Saguna Shiva worship is most fruitful when the devotee cultivates sāttva through purity, self-control, and reverence; rajas and tamas agitate or obscure the mind, reducing steadiness in japa, dhyāna, and ritual focus.

The verse points toward brahmacarya/self-restraint and sāttvika living, which support steady japa (e.g., Om Namaḥ Śivāya), meditation, and disciplined Shaiva observances such as bhasma-dhāraṇa and regular pūjā.