Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 14, Shloka 30

अशोकवनिकाविचारः

Survey of the Aśoka Grove and its Enchanted Landscape

Devanagari script

ददर्श च नगात्तस्मान्नदीं निपतितां कपिः।अङ्कादिव समुत्पत्य प्रियस्य पतितां प्रियाम्।।5.14.29।।जले निपतिताग्रैश्च पादपैरुपशोभिताम्।वार्यमाणामिव क्रुद्धां प्रमदां प्रियबन्धुभिः।।5.14.30।।पुनरावृत्ततोयां च ददर्श स महाकपिः।प्रसन्नामिव कान्तस्य कान्तां पुनरुपस्थिताम्।।5.14.31।।

Transliteration

jale nipatitāgraiś ca pādapair upaśobhitām |

vāryamāṇām iva kruddhāṃ pramadāṃ priyabandhubhiḥ ||5.14.30||

Translation

ನೀರಿನೊಳಗೆ ತಲೆಬಾಗಿದ ತುದಿಗಳಿರುವ ಮರಗಳಿಂದ ಅದು ಅಲಂಕರಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿತ್ತು—ಪ್ರಿಯ ಬಂಧುಗಳು ತಡೆಹಿಡಿದಂತೆ, ಹೊರಟುಹೋಗಲು ಯತ್ನಿಸುವ ಕ್ರುದ್ಧ ಪ್ರಮದೆಯಂತೆ.

Word by Word

• जले: in water
• जले: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/अधिकरण), एकवचन

• निपतित-अग्रैः: with (their) tips/branches fallen down
• निपतित-अग्रैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निपतित (कृदन्त; √पत् धातु) + अग्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/करण), बहुवचन; समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (निपतितानि अग्राणि येषाम्)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• पादपैः: by/with trees
• पादपैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पादप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/करण), बहुवचन

• उपशोभिताम्: adorned/beautified
• उपशोभिताम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उप-शोभित (कृदन्त; √शुभ्/शोभ् धातु)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/कर्म), एकवचन; भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle)

• वार्यमाणाम्: being restrained/prevented
• वार्यमाणाम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वार्यमाण (कृदन्त; √वृ (वारणे) धातु)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/कर्म), एकवचन; वर्तमानकाले कर्मणि कृदन्त (present passive participle)

• इव: as if/like
• इव: Upamana-marker (उपमान-सूचक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमान-अव्यय (comparative particle)

• क्रुद्धाम्: angry
• क्रुद्धाम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रुद्ध (कृदन्त; √क्रुध् धातु)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/कर्म), एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (past participle, active sense)

• प्रमदाम्: a woman
• प्रमदाम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रमदा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/कर्म), एकवचन

• प्रिय-बन्धुभिः: by dear relatives
• प्रिय-बन्धुभिः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रिय (प्रातिपदिक) + बन्धु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/करण), बहुवचन; समासः कर्मधारयः (प्रियाश्च ते बन्धवः)

Context

The tiger among monkeys beheld a delightingful mountain, resembling the raincloud with tall, pleasing peaks, wonderful peaks spread all over the mountain. There were caves built of stone, with a variety of trees.

Characters & Entities

• Hanumān

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse uses a restraint simile: even strong impulses can be checked by those who care. In Ramayana ethics, restraint (saṃyama) supports Satya and Dharma—guiding emotion so that action remains appropriate and righteous.

What is the narrative situation?

Hanuman watches a stream descending from the mountain; trees leaning into the water create a visual metaphor of someone being held back while trying to move away.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Reflective perception: Hanuman (and the narration) reads moral-emotional meaning into nature, showing cultivated sensitivity without abandoning practical purpose.