Valmiki Ramayana 2.109.30 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 109, Shloka 30

सत्यधर्मप्रतिपादनम्

Rama’s Defense of Truth and Dharma in Reply to Jabali

Devanagari script

अमृष्यमाणः पुनरुग्रतेजाः निशम्य तं नास्तिकवाक्यहेतुम्।अथाब्रवीत्तं नृपतेस्तनूजो विगर्हमाणो वचनानि तस्य।।2.109.30।।

Transliteration

amṛṣyamāṇaḥ punar ugra-tejāḥ niśamya taṃ nāstika-vākya-hetum |

athābravīt taṃ nṛpates tanūjo vigarhamāṇo vacanāni tasya || 2.109.30 ||

Translation

ಉಗ್ರತೇಜಸ್ವಿಯಾದ ರಾಜಕುಮಾರನು ನಾಸ್ತಿಕ ವಾಕ್ಯಗಳಿಂದ ಹುಟ್ಟಿದ ಆ ಕಾರಣವನ್ನು ಕೇಳಿ ಸಹಿಸಲಾರದೆ, ರಾಜನ ತನಯನು ಅವನ ಮಾತುಗಳನ್ನು ಗರಹಿಸಿ ಹೀಗೆಂದನು.

Word by Word

• सत्यम्: truthfulness
• सत्यम्: Karma (कर्म/Object of āhuḥ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: satya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक निपात (conjunction)

• धर्मम्: righteousness
• धर्मम्: Karma (कर्म/Object of āhuḥ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक निपात

• पराक्रमम्: valour
• पराक्रमम्: Karma (कर्म/Object of āhuḥ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: parākrama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक निपात

• भूत-अनुकम्पाम्: compassion for beings
• भूत-अनुकम्पाम्: Karma (कर्म/Object of āhuḥ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhūta (प्रातिपदिक) + anukampā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया, एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (भूतेषु अनुकम्पा)

• प्रिय-वादिताम्: pleasant speech
• प्रिय-वादिताम्: Karma (कर्म/Object of āhuḥ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: priya (प्रातिपदिक) + vāditā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया, एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (प्रियं वादनम्/वादिता)

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक निपात

• द्विजाति-देव-अतिथि-पूजनम्: worship of brahmins, gods, and guests
• द्विजाति-देव-अतिथि-पूजनम्: Karma (कर्म/Object of āhuḥ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dvijāti (प्रातिपदिक) + deva (प्रातिपदिक) + atithi (प्रातिपदिक) + pūjana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया, एकवचन; समासः—द्वन्द्व (द्विजातयः च देवाः च अतिथयः च) + तत्पुरुष (तेषां पूजनम्)

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक निपात

• पन्थानम्: path
• पन्थानम्: Karma (कर्म/Object complement of āhuḥ: ‘call as path’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: panthā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया, एकवचन

• आहुः: say/call
• आहुः: Kriya (क्रिया/Main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ah (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद

• त्रिदिवस्य: of heaven
• त्रिदिवस्य: Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध/Of heaven)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tridiva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; षष्ठी, एकवचन

• सन्तः: the virtuous
• सन्तः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘good/virtuous people’

Context

The highly energetic prince, Rama, could not tolerate these atheistic arguments ofJabali for which he had to utter these words full of disdain:

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Jābāli
• king (Daśaratha, implied by 'nṛpateḥ')

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes moral intolerance toward counsel that undermines righteousness; one should not calmly accept arguments that erode truth and duty.

What is the narrative situation?

A narrative pivot: after Jābāli’s speech, Rāma is described as unable to bear it and prepares to answer with censure.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Moral firmness: Rāma’s refusal to accommodate nāstika reasoning highlights his unwavering adherence to dharma.