Shloka 34

Adhyaya 49 — Primordial Human Creation, the Rise of Desire, and the Origins of Settlements, Measures, and Agriculture

Sanskrit

ततो द्वन्द्वान्य् अजायन्त शीतोष्णक्षुन्मुखानि वै ।

तास् तद्-द्वन्द्वोपघातार्थं चक्रुः पूर्वं पुराणि तु ॥

Transliteration

tato dvandvāny ajāyanta śītoṣṇa-kṣun-mukhāni vai | tās tad-dvandvopaghātārthaṃ cakruḥ pūrvaṃ purāṇi tu ||

Translation

ನಂತರ ಶೀತ-ಉಷ್ಣ, ಹಸಿವು ಮೊದಲಾದ ದ್ವಂದ್ವಗಳು ಉದ್ಭವಿಸಿದವು. ಆ ದ್ವಂದ್ವಗಳಿಂದ ಉಂಟಾಗುವ ಕಷ್ಟಗಳನ್ನು ಶಮನಗೊಳಿಸಲು ಅವರು ಮೊದಲು ಪಟ್ಟಣಗಳು/ಕೋಟೆಬದ್ಧ ನೆಲೆಗಳನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಮಿಸಿದರು.

Word by Word

• ततः: then
• ततः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/temporal)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (अव्यय)

• द्वन्द्वानि: pairs of opposites
• द्वन्द्वानि: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वन्द्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग)

• अजायन्त: arose / were born
• अजायन्त: Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जन् (धातु)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन)

• शीतोष्णक्षुन्मुखानि: having cold, heat, and hunger as (chief) forms
• शीतोष्णक्षुन्मुखानि: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शीत + उष्ण + क्षुत् + मुख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Dvandva compound used adjectivally; Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग) qualifying द्वन्द्वानि; components: शीत (cold) + उष्ण (heat) + क्षुत् (hunger) + मुख (headed/consisting of)

• वै: indeed
• वै: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै (अव्यय)
• Form: Emphatic particle (निश्चयार्थक-अव्यय)

• ताः: they (those women)
• ताः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन), Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग)

• तत्: that
• तत्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग); deictic qualifier to द्वन्द्व

• द्वन्द्वोपघातार्थम्: for the destruction of those opposites
• द्वन्द्वोपघातार्थम्: Prayojana (प्रयोजन/Purpose)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वन्द्व + उपघात + अर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग) used adverbially as purpose; तत्पुरुष: द्वन्द्वस्य उपघातः (destruction) तस्य अर्थः → 'for the destruction of the dvandvas'

• चक्रुः: they made / they did
• चक्रुः: Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कृ (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन)

• पूर्वम्: formerly / at first
• पूर्वम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पूर्व (प्रातिपदिक/अव्ययीभाववत्)
• Form: Adverbial accusative (क्रियाविशेषण), 'formerly/at first'

• पुराणि: ancient things / old (measures/arrangements)
• पुराणि: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुराण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग)

• तु: but
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: Adversative particle (अव्यय)

Speakers

• Narrative voice within didactic exposition

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dvandva (dualities)
• Human settlement
• Adaptation to suffering
• Civilizational origins

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

As inner greed grows, outer suffering manifests as dvandvas; civilization (towns/forts) is presented as a response to vulnerability rather than an original need.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Manvantara/yuga social history: describing how human institutions arise under changing worldly conditions.

What is the esoteric significance?

Dvandvas symbolize the mind’s oscillations; building ‘puras’ mirrors the ego’s attempt to fortify itself against impermanence and discomfort.