Shloka 3

Adhyaya 34 — Madālāsā’s Instruction on Sadācāra (Householder Conduct, Purity, and Daily Rites)

Sanskrit

सदाचारवता तात ! साधुना गृहमेदिना । पापं भुङ्क्ते समुल्लङ्घ्य नित्यनैमित्तिकीः क्रियाः ॥

Transliteration

sadācāravatā tāta | sādhunā gṛhamedhinā | pāpaṃ bhuṅkte samullaṅghya nityanaimittikīḥ kriyāḥ ||

Translation

ವತ್ಸ, ಸದಾಚಾರಸಂಪನ್ನನಾದ ಗೃಹಸ್ಥನೂ ನಿತ್ಯ-ನೈಮಿತ್ತಿಕ ಕರ್ತವ್ಯಗಳನ್ನು ಲಂಘಿಸಿ ನಿರ್ಲಕ್ಷ್ಯ ಮಾಡಿದರೆ ಪಾಪವನ್ನು ಪಡೆಯುತ್ತಾನೆ; ಅದರ ಫಲವನ್ನೂ ಅನುಭವಿಸಬೇಕಾಗುತ್ತದೆ।

Word by Word

• सदाचारवता: by/with a man of good conduct
• सदाचारवता: कर्ता (Kartā/Agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सदाचारवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण/सह), एकवचन; बहुव्रीहिः—सदाचारः अस्ति यस्य (one who has good conduct)

• तात: O dear (son)
• तात: सम्बोधन (Address/सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तात (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative/सम्बोधन), एकवचन

• साधुना: by a virtuous man
• साधुना: कर्ता (Kartā/Agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: साधु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instrumental/तृतीया), एकवचन

• गृहमेदिना: by a householder
• गृहमेदिना: कर्ता (Kartā/Agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गृहमेदिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instrumental/तृतीया), एकवचन; गृहमेदिन् = गृहस्थ (householder)

• पापम्: sin
• पापम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative/द्वितीया), एकवचन

• भुङ्क्ते: experiences/suffers
• भुङ्क्ते: क्रिया (Verb/आख्यात)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भुज् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present/वर्तमान), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

• समुल्लङ्घ्य: having transgressed
• समुल्लङ्घ्य: पूर्वकालक्रिया (Prior action/पूर्वक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्+उत्+लङ्घ् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (Absolutive/Gerund), अव्ययभाव; ‘having transgressed/overstepped’

• नित्यनैमित्तिकीः: daily-and-occasional
• नित्यनैमित्तिकीः: विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नित्य-नैमित्तिक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative/द्वितीया), बहुवचन; द्वन्द्वः—नित्यं च नैमित्तिकं च (daily and occasional)

• क्रियाः: rites/actions
• क्रियाः: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रिया (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative/द्वितीया), बहुवचन

Speakers

• Madālasa → Alarka

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Sadācāra
• Nitya-naimittika karma
• Karmic consequence

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Virtue is not only intention or reputation; dharma is maintained through consistent practice. Neglect of obligatory duties creates moral debt even for the ‘good’ person.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Normative dharma teaching; ancillary to pancalakṣaṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Daily’ and ‘occasional’ rites symbolize rhythm and responsiveness—order (nitya) and adaptation (naimittika). Breaking either rhythm is portrayed as a rupture in inner alignment.