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Shloka 20

द्रौपदी-शैब्यसंवादः — Draupadī’s Identification and Counsel on Hospitality

तस्मात्‌ प्रायमुपासिष्ये न हि शक्ष्यामि जीवितुम्‌ | चेतयानो हि को जीवेत्‌ कृच्छाच्छत्रुभिरुद्धृत:,इसलिये मैं (अवश्य) आमरण उपवास करूँगा। अब जीवित नहीं रह सकूँगा। जिसका शत्रुओंने संकटसे उद्धार किया हो, ऐसा कौन विचारशील पुरुष जीवित रहना चाहेगा?

tasmāt prāyam upāsiṣye na hi śakṣyāmi jīvitum | cetayāno hi ko jīvet kṛcchāc chatrubhir uddhṛtaḥ ||

ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ನಾನು ಪ್ರಾಯೋಪವೇಶ (ಮರಣಾಂತ ಉಪವಾಸ) ಕೈಗೊಳ್ಳುವೆನು; ಇನ್ನು ನಾನು ಬದುಕಲಾರೆ. ಶತ್ರುಗಳಿಂದ ಸಂಕಟದಿಂದ ಉದ್ಧರಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ ಮೇಲೆ ಆತ್ಮಚೇತನನಾದ ಯಾವ ಪುರುಷನು ಬದುಕಲು ಇಚ್ಛಿಸುವನು?

तस्मात्therefore/from that
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
प्रायम्fast unto death (prāya)
प्रायम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्राय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उपासिष्येI will undertake/observe
उपासिष्ये:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootउप-आस्
FormSimple Future (Luṭ), 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
शक्ष्यामिI will be able
शक्ष्यामि:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootशक्
FormSimple Future (Luṭ), 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada
जीवितुम्to live
जीवितुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootजीव्
FormInfinitive (Tumun)
चेतयानःbeing conscious/thinking, sensible
चेतयानः:
Karta
TypeAdjective/Participle
Rootचेतयत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Present active participle (Śatṛ)
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
कःwho?
कः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जीवेत्would live
जीवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootजीव्
FormOptative (Liṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
कृच्छात्from distress/difficulty
कृच्छात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootकृच्छ्र
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
शत्रुभिःby enemies
शत्रुभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
उद्धृतःrescued/lifted out
उद्धृतः:
TypeAdjective/Participle
Rootउद्-हृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Past passive participle (Kta)

दुर्योधन उवाच

D
Duryodhana
E
enemies (śatravaḥ)

Educational Q&A

The verse dramatizes how unchecked pride and obsession with honor can distort ethical judgment: Duryodhana treats survival—especially survival enabled by rivals—as unbearable humiliation, preferring self-destruction over reflective endurance.

Duryodhana, overwhelmed by disgrace at having been saved from danger by those he considers enemies, declares he will undertake prāya—fasting unto death—arguing that no self-aware man would wish to live under such a perceived dishonor.