Shloka 29
नारद–शुक संवादः
Impermanence, Svabhāva, and Śuka’s Resolve for Yoga
ज्ञान ज्ञेयं तथा ज्ञो$ज्ञ: कस्तपा अतपास्तथा | सूर्याति सूर्य इति च विद्याविद्ये तथैव च
jñānaṃ jñeyaṃ tathā jño ’jñaḥ kas tapā atapās tathā | sūryāti-sūrya iti ca vidyāvidye tathaiva ca ||
ಯಾಜ್ಞವಲ್ಕ್ಯನು ಹೇಳಿದನು— “(ನೀವು ಕೇಳುತ್ತೀರಿ) ಜ್ಞಾನವೇನು? ಜ್ಞೇಯವೇನು? ಜ್ಞಾತ ಯಾರು? ಅಜ್ಞ ಯಾರು? ನಿಜವಾದ ತಪಸ್ವಿ ಯಾರು? ಅತಪಸ್ವಿ ಯಾರು? ‘ಸೂರ್ಯ’ ಯಾರು? ‘ಅತಿಸೂರ್ಯ’ ಯಾರು? ಹಾಗೆಯೇ ವಿದ್ಯೆ ಏನು? ಅವಿದ್ಯೆ ಏನು?”
याज़्ञवल्क्य उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse frames a systematic set of philosophical distinctions—knowledge/knowable, knower/ignorant, true austerity/false austerity, and vidyā/avidyā—implying that ethical and spiritual progress depends on correct discernment of these categories.
Yājñavalkya is responding in a didactic setting within Śānti Parva, restating a sequence of questions that guide the forthcoming explanation of metaphysical and ethical fundamentals.