Shloka 48

Adhyāya 240: Indriya–Manas–Buddhi–Ātman — The Inner Hierarchy and Restraint (इन्द्रिय-मनस्-बुद्धि-आत्म-क्रमः)

Devanagari script

सत्त्वसंसेवनाद धीरो निद्रामुच्छेत्तुमरहति । विद्वानोंने योगके जो काम

Transliteration

sattva-saṃsevanād dhīro nidrām ucchettum arhati | vidvān yoge ye doṣāḥ kāma-krodha-lobha-bhaya-svapnaḥ pañca proktāḥ, tān sarvathā ucchedayet | teṣāṃ madhye krodhaṃ śamena jayet, kāmaṃ saṅkalpa-tyāgena parājayet; dhīraḥ sattva-guṇasya sevanena nidrāyā ucchedaṃ karoti |

Translation

ವ್ಯಾಸನು ಹೇಳಿದನು— ಸತ್ತ್ವಗುಣಸೇವನೆಯಿಂದ ಧೀರನು ಅತಿನಿದ್ರೆ ಮತ್ತು ಆಲಸ್ಯವನ್ನು ಛೇದಿಸಿ ಯೋಗದಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರವೃತ್ತನಾಗುತ್ತಾನೆ. ಯೋಗದಲ್ಲಿ ಐದು ದೋಷಗಳು ಹೇಳಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿವೆ— ಕಾಮ, ಕ್ರೋಧ, ಲೋಭ, ಭಯ ಮತ್ತು ಐದನೆಯದು ಸ್ವಪ್ನ; ಇವೆಲ್ಲವನ್ನೂ ಬೇರುಸಹಿತ ಉಚ್ಚೇದಿಸಬೇಕು. ಕ್ರೋಧವನ್ನು ಶಮದಿಂದ ಜಯಿಸಬೇಕು; ಕಾಮವನ್ನು ಸಂಕಲ್ಪತ್ಯಾಗದಿಂದ ಪರಾಭವಗೊಳಿಸಬೇಕು. ಹೀಗೆ ಸತ್ತ್ವದ ಆಶ್ರಯದಿಂದ ಸಂಯಮಿ ನಿದ್ರೆಯನ್ನು ಜಯಿಸಿ ಅಂತರ್ನಿಗ್ರಹದಲ್ಲಿ ಮುಂದುವರಿಯುತ್ತಾನೆ.

Word by Word

• {'sattva': 'clarity, purity, balanced goodness (one of the guṇas)', 'saṃsevana': 'constant practice

• repeated resorting to', 'dhīra': 'steadfast, self-possessed, courageous in restraint', 'nidrā': 'sleep

• here, also torpor and dullness obstructing practice', 'ucchettum / uccheda': 'to cut off

• complete removal', 'vidvān': 'the wise

• one who understands', 'yoga': 'discipline of inner integration

• spiritual practice', 'doṣa': 'fault, defect, moral/psychological blemish', 'kāma': 'desire, lust, craving', 'krodha': 'anger, wrath', 'lobha': 'greed, grasping', 'bhaya': 'fear, anxiety', 'svapna': 'dream

• here, indulgent dreaminess/mental wandering', 'śama': 'calming and restraint of the mind

• inner pacification', 'saṅkalpa': 'resolve, intention, mental construction

• craving-driven determination', 'tyāga': 'renunciation

• letting go', 'parājayet': 'should defeat, overcome'}

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Cultivate sattva to overcome sleep and inertia, and uproot the five yogic faults—desire, anger, greed, fear, and dream-indulgence—by specific disciplines: anger through śama (mind-restraint) and desire through saṅkalpa-tyāga (abandoning craving-driven intentions).

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction setting, Vyāsa delivers practical guidance on inner discipline, prescribing methods to conquer common psychological obstacles that hinder yogic and ethical life.