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Shloka 48

Adhyāya 166: Kṛtaghna-doṣa (कृतघ्नदोषः) — the fault of ingratitude and the limits of expiation

तया स काये निर्दग्धे मृत्युं वा प्राप्प शुद्धयति । लोकांश्व लभते विप्रो नान्‍न्यथा लभते हि सः,मदिरा पीनेवाला पुरुष यदि मदिराको खूब गरम करके पी ले तो पापसे छुटकारा पा जाता है, अथवा उससे शरीर जल जानेके कारण उसकी मृत्यु हो जाय तो वह शुद्ध हो जाता है। इस प्रकार शुद्ध हो जानेपर ही वह ब्राह्मण शुद्ध लोकोंको प्राप्त कर सकता है, अन्यथा नहीं

tayā sa kāye nirdagdhe mṛtyuṃ vā prāpya śuddhyati | lokāṃś ca labhate vipro nānyathā labhate hi saḥ ||

ಭೀಷ್ಮನು ಹೇಳಿದನು—ಆ (ಉಷ್ಣ ವಾರುಣೀ) ಯಿಂದ ಅವನ ದೇಹ ದಗ್ಧವಾದರೆ, ಆಗ—ಅದರಿಂದ ಮರಣ ಬಂದರೂ ಅಥವಾ ಬದುಕಿದ್ದರೂ—ಅವನು ಶುದ್ಧನಾಗುತ್ತಾನೆ. ಅಂಥ ಶುದ್ಧಿಯ ನಂತರವೇ ಆ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮಣನು ಶುದ್ಧ ಲೋಕಗಳನ್ನು ಪಡೆಯುತ್ತಾನೆ; ಇಲ್ಲದಿದ್ದರೆ ಅವನು ಅವನ್ನು ಪಡೆಯುವುದಿಲ್ಲ.

तयाby that (means)
तया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कायेin the body
काये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकाय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
निर्दग्धेwhen (it is) burnt up
निर्दग्धे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्दग्ध
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
मृत्युम्death
मृत्युम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
प्राप्यhaving attained
प्राप्य:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-आप्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)
शुद्ध्यतिbecomes purified
शुद्ध्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootशुध्
FormPresent, Indicative, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
लोकान्worlds
लोकान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
लभतेobtains
लभते:
TypeVerb
Rootलभ्
FormPresent, Indicative, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
विप्रःthe brahmin
विप्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अन्यथाotherwise
अन्यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअन्यथा
लभतेobtains
लभते:
TypeVerb
Rootलभ्
FormPresent, Indicative, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
हिindeed
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
V
vipra (brāhmaṇa)
M
madirā (liquor) (implied by context)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that grave transgressions require a corresponding expiation (prāyaścitta). Only through genuine purification—here described as a severe penance involving bodily burning or even death—can a brāhmaṇa regain eligibility for ‘pure worlds’; without purification, such spiritual attainment is denied.

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma is instructing Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma and expiations. Here he states a rule about purification after the sin of drinking liquor: if the offender drinks it heated so that the body is scorched (and whether he dies or survives), he is considered purified; only then can he attain higher realms.