Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 41

त्रिवर्गमूलनिश्चयः — Determining the Roots of Dharma, Artha, and Kāma

Mahābhārata, Śānti-parva 123

व्यद्भत्वं व शरीरस्य वधो नाल्‍्पस्य कारणात्‌ । शरीरपीडास्तास्ताश्च देहत्यागो विवासनम्‌

vyadbhutvaṃ ca śarīrasya vadho nālpasya kāraṇāt | śarīrapīḍās tāstāś ca dehatyāgo vivāsanam ||

ವಸೂಹರೋಮನು ಹೇಳಿದನು—ಸಣ್ಣ ಅಪರಾಧಕ್ಕೆ ಯಾರ ದೇಹವನ್ನು ಅಂಗಭಂಗ ಮಾಡುವುದು, ಕೊಲ್ಲುವುದು, ನಾನಾವಿಧ ದೈಹಿಕ ಯಾತನೆಗಳನ್ನು ನೀಡುವುದು, ಪ್ರಾಣತ್ಯಾಗಕ್ಕೆ ಬಲವಂತಪಡಿಸುವುದು ಅಥವಾ ದೇಶದಿಂದ ಹೊರಹಾಕುವುದು—ಇವು ಯಾವತ್ತೂ ಯುಕ್ತವಲ್ಲ. ದಂಡವು ಅಪರಾಧಕ್ಕೆ ತಕ್ಕ ಪ್ರಮಾಣದಲ್ಲೂ ಮಾನವೀಯವಾಗಿಯೂ ಇರಬೇಕು; ವಿಶೇಷವಾಗಿ ಪ್ರಜಾಪಾಲನೆಯಲ್ಲಿ।

व्यद्भत्वम्mutilation / dismemberment
व्यद्भत्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootव्यद्भत्व (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
शरीरस्यof the body
शरीरस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootशरीर
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
वधःkilling / execution
वधः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अल्पस्यof a small (offence)
अल्पस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootअल्प
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
कारणात्because of / on account of
कारणात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootकारण
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
शरीरपीडाःbodily tortures / physical afflictions
शरीरपीडाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशरीरपीडा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
ताःthose
ताः:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
ताःthose (various)
ताः:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
देहत्यागःabandoning the body / forced suicide
देहत्यागः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेहत्याग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विवासनम्banishment / expulsion
विवासनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविवासन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

वसुहरोम उवाच

वसुहरोम (Vasuharoma)
प्रजा (subjects/people)

Educational Q&A

Punishment should be proportionate to the offence; for minor faults, extreme penalties—mutilation, execution, torture, coercing death, or banishment—are unethical and contrary to righteous governance.

In the Shanti Parva’s rājadharma discussion, Vasuharoma articulates a standard for kings and rulers: they must not respond to small transgressions with harsh, violent punishments that destroy a subject’s body, life, or livelihood.