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Shloka 20

Droṇa-parva Adhyāya 96: Sātyaki’s Line-Penetration, Encirclement, and Advance toward Arjuna

सारथि: प्रवर: कृष्ण: शीघ्राश्नास्य हयोत्तमा: । अल्पं च विवरं कृत्वा तूर्ण याति धनंजय:,त्वरन्नेकरथेनैव समेत्य द्रोणमब्रवीत्‌ । संजय कहते हैं--राजन्‌! तदनन्तर जब कुन्तीकुमार अर्जुन सिन्धुराज जयद्रथका वध करनेकी इच्छासे द्रोणाचार्य और कृतवर्माका दुस्तर सेना-व्यूह भेदन करके आपकी सेनामें प्रविष्ट हो गये और सव्यसाची अर्जुनके हाथसे जब काम्बोजराजकुमार सुदक्षिण तथा पराक्रमी श्रुतायुध मार दिये गये तथा जब सारी सेनाएँ नष्ट-भ्रष्ट होकर चारों ओर भाग खड़ी हुईं, उस समय अपनी सम्पूर्ण सेनामें भगदड़ मची देख आपका पुत्र दुर्योधन बड़ी उतावलीके साथ एकमात्र रथके द्वारा द्रोणाचार्यके पास गया और उनसे मिलकर इस प्रकार बोला--

sārathiḥ pravaraḥ kṛṣṇaḥ śīghrāśnāsya hayottamāḥ | alpaṁ ca vivaraṁ kṛtvā tūṛṇaṁ yāti dhanañjayaḥ, tvarann ekarathenaiva sametya droṇam abravīt ||

ಸಂಜಯನು ಹೇಳಿದನು— “ಕೃಷ್ಣನು ಶ್ರೇಷ್ಠ ಸಾರಥಿ; ಅವನು ಉತ್ತಮ ಕುದುರೆಗಳನ್ನು ಕ್ಷಿಪ್ರವಾಗಿ ನಿಯಂತ್ರಿಸುತ್ತಾನೆ. ಧನಂಜಯನು (ಅರ್ಜುನನು) ಶತ್ರು ವ್ಯೂಹದಲ್ಲಿ ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ತೆರವು ಮಾಡಿದರೂ ತಕ್ಷಣವೇ ವೇಗವಾಗಿ ಮುನ್ನಡೆಯುತ್ತಾನೆ.”

सारथिःcharioteer
सारथिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसारथि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रवरःexcellent, foremost
प्रवरः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रवर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कृष्णःKrishna
कृष्णः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकृष्ण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शीघ्राश्नास्यःwhose horses eat quickly (swift-feeding)
शीघ्राश्नास्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशीघ्राश्नास्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हयोत्तमाःexcellent horses
हयोत्तमाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहयोत्तम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अल्पम्small, little
अल्पम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअल्प
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विवरम्gap, opening
विवरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविवर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कृत्वाhaving made
कृत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Active
तूर्णम्quickly
तूर्णम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतूर्ण
यातिgoes, proceeds
याति:
TypeVerb
Rootया
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
धनंजयःDhananjaya (Arjuna)
धनंजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधनंजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्वरन्hastening
त्वरन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootत्वर्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
एकरथेनwith a single chariot
एकरथेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootएकरथ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
एवindeed, only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
समेत्यhaving met, having approached
समेत्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + इ
Formक्त्वा/ल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Active
द्रोणम्Drona
द्रोणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्रोण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अब्रवीत्said, spoke
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
K
Kṛṣṇa
A
Arjuna (Dhanañjaya)
D
Droṇa (Droṇācārya)
D
Duryodhana
C
chariot
H
horses
B
battle formation (vyūha/array implied)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how disciplined skill (Kṛṣṇa’s expert charioteering) and focused resolve (Arjuna’s rapid advance through a narrow breach) shape outcomes in crisis; it also shows how fear and responsibility can drive leaders (Duryodhana) to seek counsel from authority (Droṇa) when the army’s cohesion is threatened.

As the battle intensifies, Arjuna—guided by Kṛṣṇa—pushes forward by creating a small gap in the opposing array. Seeing disorder and urgency on the field, Duryodhana rushes alone in a single chariot to Droṇa and begins to speak to him, setting up the next exchange about command decisions and battlefield response.