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Shloka 233

उपायैः पूर्ववधकथनम् / Strategic Justifications for Prior Eliminations

नापश्याम रजो भौम॑ कश्मलेनाभिसंवृता: । मनुष्यों, घोड़ों और हाथियोंके रक्तमें सन जानेके कारण हमें धरतीकी धूल दिखायी नहीं देती थी। हम सब लोगोंपर मोह-सा छा गया था

sañjaya uvāca |

nāpaśyāma rajo bhaumaṁ kaśmalenābhisaṁvṛtāḥ |

ಸಂಜಯನು ಹೇಳಿದನು—ನಾವು ಭೂಮಿಯ ಧೂಳನ್ನೂ ಕಾಣಲಿಲ್ಲ; ಏಕೆಂದರೆ ನಾವು ಕಶ್ಮಲದಿಂದ ಆವರಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿದ್ದೆವು. ಮನುಷ್ಯರು, ಕುದುರೆಗಳು, ಆನೆಗಳ ರಕ್ತವು ಎಲ್ಲವನ್ನೂ ನೆನೆಸಿ ಕತ್ತಲೆಯಂತೆ ಮಾಡಿತ್ತು; ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ನೆಲದ ಧೂಳೂ ಕಾಣಲಿಲ್ಲ. ನಮ್ಮೆಲ್ಲರ ಮೇಲೂ ಮೋಹದಂತೆ ಆವರಿಸಿತು.

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपश्यामwe saw
अपश्याम:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 1st, Plural, Parasmaipada
रजःdust
रजः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरजस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
भौमम्earthy, of the ground
भौमम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootभौम
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कश्मलेनby confusion/delusion
कश्मलेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकश्मल
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
अभिसंवृताःcovered, enveloped
अभिसंवृताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअभि-सम्-वृ (वृञ् आवरणे)
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
E
earth/ground (bhūmi)
D
dust (rajas)
M
men (manuṣya)
H
horses (aśva)
E
elephants (gaja)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores how war generates not only physical obscurity (dust and blood) but also inner obscurity (kaśmala—bewilderment). Ethical perception becomes clouded amid mass violence, suggesting that adharma-like confusion can overtake even observers when destruction dominates the scene.

Sañjaya reports the battlefield condition: the ground’s dust cannot be seen because everything is soaked and darkened by blood from humans, horses, and elephants, and the witnesses feel overwhelmed by a spreading delusion or stupefaction caused by the horrific intensity of the fighting.