Shloka 31

Yuga-Lakṣaṇa and Varṣa-Pramāṇa Inquiry (युगलक्षण–वर्षप्रमाण–प्रश्न)

Devanagari script

प्रजास्तत्र विवर्धन्ते वर्षास्विव समुद्रगा: । नद्यः पुण्यजलास्तत्र गड़ा च बहुधा गता

Transliteration

prajās tatra vivardhante varṣāsv iva samudragāḥ | nadyaḥ puṇyajalās tatra gaṅgā ca bahudhā gatā ||

Translation

ಸಂಜಯನು ಹೇಳಿದನು—ಮಳೆಗಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ ಸಮುದ್ರಗಾಮಿ ನದಿಗಳು ಉಕ್ಕಿ ಹರಿಯುವಂತೆ, ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರಜೆಗಳು ನಿರಂತರವಾಗಿ ವೃದ್ಧಿ ಮತ್ತು ಸಮೃದ್ಧಿಯನ್ನು ಪಡೆಯುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಆ ದ್ವೀಪದಲ್ಲಿ ಪುಣ್ಯಜಲವುಳ್ಳ ಅನೇಕ ನದಿಗಳು ಹರಿಯುತ್ತವೆ; ಗಂಗೆಯೂ ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಅನೇಕ ಧಾರೆಗಳಾಗಿ ವಿಭಜಿತವಾಗಿ ಹರಿಯುತ್ತದೆ.

Word by Word

• प्रजाः: subjects, people
• प्रजाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रजा
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Plural

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र

• विवर्धन्ते: grow, prosper, increase
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृध्
• Form: Present, Atmanepada, Third, Plural

• वर्षासु: in the rainy seasons
• वर्षासु: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्षा
• Form: Feminine, Locative, Plural

• इव: like, as
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• समुद्रगाः: sea-going (rivers that go to the ocean)
• समुद्रगाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: समुद्रग
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Plural

• नद्यः: rivers
• नद्यः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: नदी
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Plural

• पुण्यजलाः: having holy/pure water
• पुण्यजलाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पुण्यजला
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Plural

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र

• गङ्गा: the Ganga
• गङ्गा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: गङ्गा
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• बहुधा: in many ways / into many (streams)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: बहुधा

• गताः: gone; flowing (having gone)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम्
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Feminine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• prajāḥ (the people/subjects)
• samudra (the ocean/sea)
• nadī (rivers)
• Gaṅgā

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse uses sacred-river imagery to convey an ethical ideal of a well-ordered realm: when conditions are auspicious and dharmic, the people naturally flourish, and the land is marked by purity and life-giving waters.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya continues a descriptive passage about a blessed region (an ‘island’/dvīpa), emphasizing its abundance: the populace thrives, many holy rivers flow there, and the Gaṅgā itself appears in multiple channels.