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Shloka 22

अध्वर्यु–यति संवादः

Adhvaryu–Yati Dialogue on Svabhāva, Ahiṃsā, and Mokṣa

यतिरुवाच अक्षरं च क्षरं चैव द्वैधीभावो5यमात्मन: । अक्षरं तत्र सद्भाव: स्वभाव: क्षर उच्यते,यतिने कहा--आत्माके दो रूप हैं--एक अक्षर और दूसरा क्षर। जिसकी सत्ता तीनों कालोंमें कभी नहीं मिटती वह सत्स्वरूप अक्षर (अविनाशी) कहा गया है तथा जिसका सर्वथा और सभी कालोंमें अभाव है, वह क्षर कहलाता है

yatir uvāca—akṣaraṃ ca kṣaraṃ caiva dvaidhībhāvo ’yam ātmanaḥ | akṣaraṃ tatra sadbhāvaḥ svabhāvaḥ kṣara ucyate ||

ಯತಿ ಹೇಳಿದನು—ಆತ್ಮನಿಗೆ ದ್ವೈಧಭಾವವಿದೆ: ಒಂದು ಅಕ್ಷರ, ಮತ್ತೊಂದು ಕ್ಷರ. ಮೂರು ಕಾಲಗಳಲ್ಲಿಯೂ ಎಂದಿಗೂ ನಾಶವಾಗದ ಸತ್ತಾಸ್ವರೂಪವೇ ‘ಅಕ್ಷರ’; ಸ್ವಭಾವತಃ ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣ ಅಭಾವವಾಗಿರುವುದೇ ‘ಕ್ಷರ’ ಎಂದು ಹೇಳುತ್ತಾರೆ.

यतिःthe ascetic (Yati)
यतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
अक्षरम्the imperishable (akṣara)
अक्षरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअक्षर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
क्षरम्the perishable (kṣara)
क्षरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्षर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
द्वैधीभावःthe state of being twofold; duality
द्वैधीभावः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्वैधीभाव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अयम्this
अयम्:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आत्मनःof the self
आत्मनः:
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अक्षरम्the imperishable
अक्षरम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअक्षर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तत्रthere/in that (context)
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
सद्भावःtrue existence; real being
सद्भावः:
TypeNoun
Rootसद्भाव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वभावःintrinsic nature
स्वभावः:
TypeNoun
Rootस्वभाव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्षरःthe perishable
क्षरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उच्यतेis called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Passive (Karmani)

ब्राह्मण उवाच

Y
yati (ascetic speaker)
Ā
ātman (Self)

Educational Q&A

The verse distinguishes two ways of speaking about the Self: the imperishable (akṣara), identified with true, enduring being, and the perishable (kṣara), associated with what lacks lasting reality. Ethically, it directs attention away from transient appearances toward what is stable and truly existent.

A renunciant (yati) is instructing the listener in a philosophical discourse, defining key metaphysical categories—imperishable and perishable—to frame a deeper inquiry into the nature of the Self and reality.