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Shloka 16

गान्धारीपुत्रोत्पत्तिः — The Birth of Gāndhārī’s Hundred Sons (and Yuyutsu); Omens and Counsel on Succession

संतापं परमं जग्मुर्मुन॒यस्तपसान्विता: । ते रात्रौ शकुना भूत्वा संनिपत्य तु भारत । दर्शयन्तो यथाशक्ति तमपृच्छन्‌ द्विजोत्तमम्‌

santāpaṁ paramaṁ jagmur munayas tapasānvitāḥ | te rātrau śakunā bhūtvā saṁnipatya tu bhārata | darśayanto yathāśakti tam apṛcchan dvijottamam ||

ತಪಸ್ಸಿನಿಂದ ಯುಕ್ತರಾದ ಮುನಿಗಳು ಪರಮ ಸಂತಾಪಕ್ಕೆ ಒಳಗಾದರು. ಓ ಭಾರತ, ಅವರು ರಾತ್ರಿ ಪಕ್ಷಿಗಳ ರೂಪವನ್ನು ಧರಿಸಿ ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಸೇರಿದರು; ತಮ್ಮ ತಮ್ಮ ಶಕ್ತಿಗೆ ತಕ್ಕಂತೆ ಸ್ವರೂಪವನ್ನು ತೋರಿಸುತ್ತಾ ಆ ದ್ವಿಜೋತ್ತಮನನ್ನು ಪ್ರಶ್ನಿಸಲಾರಂಭಿಸಿದರು.

संतापम्great distress/torment
संतापम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंताप
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
परमम्supreme, utmost
परमम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
जग्मुःwent/attained
जग्मुः:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormPerfect, Third, Plural
मुनयःsages
मुनयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमुनि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तपसाby austerity
तपसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
अन्विताःendowed with, possessed of
अन्विताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्वित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
रात्रौat night
रात्रौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरात्रि
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
शकुनाःbirds
शकुनाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशकुन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भूत्वाhaving become
भूत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
संनिपत्यhaving assembled/come together
संनिपत्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-नि-पत्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
भारतO Bharata (descendant of Bharata)
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
दर्शयन्तःshowing, manifesting
दर्शयन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
यथाas, according to
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
शक्तिpower, ability
शक्ति:
TypeNoun
Rootशक्ति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अपृच्छन्asked, inquired
अपृच्छन्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रच्छ्
FormImperfect, Third, Plural
द्विजोत्तमम्the best of the twice-born (excellent Brahmin)
द्विजोत्तमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज-उत्तम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
J
Janamejaya (implied by address 'Bhārata')
M
munis (ascetic sages)
M
Māṇḍavya (implied by context as the dvijottama being questioned)
B
birds (śakuna)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how powerful ascetics respond to perceived moral disorder: intense inner distress leads them to seek clarification from a realized authority. It frames dharma as something to be investigated through disciplined inquiry, especially when suffering appears disproportionate to apparent fault.

A group of austerity-filled sages, shaken by what they have seen, assemble at night by assuming bird-forms. They reveal themselves as much as their powers allow and question the eminent twice-born sage (contextually Māṇḍavya), initiating a dialogue about the cause and meaning of the situation.