Shloka 12

Śrāddha-vidhi for Pitṛs: Invitations, Purity, Offerings, and Conduct

Devanagari script

तस्मान्निमन्त्रितः श्राद्धे नियतात्मा भवेद् द्विजः / अक्रोधनः शौचपरः कर्ता चैव जितेन्द्रियः

Transliteration

tasmānnimantritaḥ śrāddhe niyatātmā bhaved dvijaḥ / akrodhanaḥ śaucaparaḥ kartā caiva jitendriyaḥ

Translation

ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಶ್ರಾದ್ಧಕ್ಕೆ ಆಹ್ವಾನಿತ ದ್ವಿಜನು ನಿಯತಾತ್ಮನಾಗಿರಬೇಕು—ಕ್ರೋಧರಹಿತ, ಶೌಚಪರ, ವಿಧಿಕುಶಲ ಮತ್ತು ಇಂದ್ರಿಯಜಯಿ।

Word by Word

• तस्मात्: therefore
• तस्मात्: हेतु/अपादान (Hetu/Apādāna)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/पञ्चमी), एकवचन; हेतु/अपादानार्थ (ablative: therefore/from that)

• निमन्त्रितः: invited
• निमन्त्रितः: विशेषण (Qualifier of द्विजः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निमन्त्रित (कृदन्त; √मन्त्र् (धातु) + नि, क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त, विशेषण

• श्राद्धे: in the śrāddha rite
• श्राद्धे: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; अधिकरण

• नियतात्मा: self-controlled
• नियतात्मा: विशेषण (Qualifier of द्विजः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नियत + आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक); नियत-आत्मन् (समास-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्मधारय (नियतः आत्मा यस्य/नियतात्मा)

• भवेत्: should be
• भवेत्: क्रिया (Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• द्विजः: the twice-born man
• द्विजः: कर्ता (Karta)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्तृवाचक

• अक्रोधनः: free from anger
• अक्रोधनः: विशेषण (Qualifier of द्विजः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ + क्रोधन (प्रातिपदिक); अक्रोधन (समास-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; नञ्-तत्पुरुष (क्रोधो न यस्य)

• शौचपरः: devoted to cleanliness
• शौचपरः: विशेषण (Qualifier of द्विजः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शौच + पर (प्रातिपदिक); शौच-पर (समास-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (शौचे परः = devoted to purity)

• कर्ता: the performer (of the rite)
• कर्ता: कर्ता (Karta)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्तृ (प्रातिपदिक; √कृ (धातु) + तृच्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्तृवाचक (agent noun)

• च: and
• च: सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय (Conjunctive)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• एव: indeed
• एव: निपात (Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण (emphatic particle)

• जितेन्द्रियः: one who has conquered the senses
• जितेन्द्रियः: विशेषण (Qualifier of द्विजः/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जित + इन्द्रिय (प्रातिपदिक); जित-इन्द्रिय (समास-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (जितानि इन्द्रियाणि येन)

Speaker

Sūta (narrating Purāṇic instruction on Śrāddha-dharma as taught in the Kurma Purana)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: vira

Characters & Entities

• Śrāddha
• Dvija (Brāhmaṇa)

More Details (4 sections)

FAQs

How does this verse explain the nature of the Supreme Self (Atman)?

It does so indirectly: by insisting on niyatātmā (disciplined mind) and jitendriya (sense-mastery), it implies that clarity for dharma arises when the inner self is governed rather than driven by anger and sense-impulse.

What Yoga or Meditative practices are highlighted here?

The verse emphasizes practical yama-like restraints—akrodha (non-anger), śauca (purity), and indriya-jaya (sense-control). These are foundational disciplines that align ritual action with inner yogic steadiness.

How does this verse depict the relationship between Shiva and Vishnu?

This specific verse is primarily dharma-śāstric (Śrāddha conduct) and does not explicitly mention Śiva–Viṣṇu unity; its synthesis is implicit in the Purāṇa’s broader teaching that inner purity and restraint are universal prerequisites for sacred rites across Shaiva-Vaishnava practice.