Shloka 2

Preta-bhāva: Causes, Remedies, and the Rationale of Post-death Rites

Question-Catalogue

शृकृष्ण उवाच / शृणु दानं प्रवक्ष्यामि सर्वाशु भविनाशनम् / सन्तप्तहाटकमयं घटकं विधाय ब्रह्मेशकेशवयुतं सह लोकपालैः / क्षीराज्यपूर्णविविरं प्रणिपत्य भक्त्या विप्राय देहि तव दानशतैः किमन्यैः

śṛkṛṣṇa uvāca / śṛṇu dānaṃ pravakṣyāmi sarvāśu bhavināśanam / santaptahāṭakamayaṃ ghaṭakaṃ vidhāya brahmeśakeśavayutaṃ saha lokapālaiḥ / kṣīrājyapūrṇaviviraṃ praṇipatya bhaktyā viprāya dehi tava dānaśataiḥ kimanyaiḥ

ಶ್ರೀಕೃಷ್ಣನು ಹೇಳಿದನು—ಕೇಳು, ಎಲ್ಲ ಭಯಗಳನ್ನು ಶೀಘ್ರವಾಗಿ ನಾಶಮಾಡುವ ದಾನವನ್ನು ನಾನು ಹೇಳುತ್ತೇನೆ. ತಾಪಿಸಿ ಶುದ್ಧಗೊಳಿಸಿದ ಚಿನ್ನದಿಂದ ಒಂದು ಘಟವನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಮಿಸಿ, ಅದನ್ನು ಬ್ರಹ್ಮ, ಈಶ (ಶಿವ) ಮತ್ತು ಕೇಶವ (ವಿಷ್ಣು) ಹಾಗೂ ಲೋಕಪಾಲರೊಂದಿಗೆ ಅಲಂಕರಿಸು; ಅದರ ಒಳಭಾಗವನ್ನು ಹಾಲು ಮತ್ತು ತುಪ್ಪದಿಂದ ತುಂಬಿ, ಭಕ್ತಿಯಿಂದ ನಮಸ್ಕರಿಸಿ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮಣನಿಗೆ ದಾನಮಾಡು—ಇನ್ನೂ ನೂರಾರು ದಾನಗಳೇನು ಬೇಕು?

श्रीकृष्णःŚrī Kṛṣṇa
श्रीकृष्णः:
Karta (Speaker/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootश्रीकृष्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
शृणुlisten
शृणु:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु (धातु)
Formलोट् (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
दानम्gift/charity
दानम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootदान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; कर्म
प्रवक्ष्यामिI will explain
प्रवक्ष्यामि:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु) + प्र (उपसर्ग)
Formलृट् (Simple Future/भविष्यत्), उत्तमपुरुष (1st), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
सर्वall
सर्व:
Visheshana (Adjective/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘भविनाशनम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्
आशुquickly
आशु:
Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआशु (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)
भविनाशनम्the destroyer of worldly existence
भविनाशनम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootभव + नाशन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्म (what will be explained)
सन्तप्तहाटकमयम्made of heated gold
सन्तप्तहाटकमयम्:
Visheshana (Adjective/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसन्तप्त + हाटक + मय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘घटकम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्
घटकम्a pot/vessel
घटकम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootघटक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्म (object of ‘विधाय’)
विधायhaving made
विधाय:
Purvakala-kriya (Gerundial)
TypeVerb
Rootधा (धातु) + वि (उपसर्ग)
Formक्त्वान्त (Absolutive/ल्यप्-प्रत्यय), अव्ययभाव; पूर्वक्रिया (having made)
ब्रह्मेशकेशवयुतम्accompanied by Brahmā, Īśa, and Keśava (figures)
ब्रह्मेशकेशवयुतम्:
Visheshana (Adjective/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootब्रह्मा + ईश + केशव + युत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘घटकम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्
सहtogether with
सह:
Connector/Association
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; सहार्थक-उपपद (with)
लोकपालैःwith the guardians of the worlds
लोकपालैः:
Sahartha (Association)
TypeNoun
Rootलोक + पाल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), बहुवचन; सह-योगे करण (with the world-guardians)
क्षीराज्यपूर्णविविरम्having a cavity filled with milk and ghee
क्षीराज्यपूर्णविविरम्:
Visheshana (Adjective/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षीर + आज्य + पूर्ण + विविर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘घटकम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्
प्रणिपत्यhaving prostrated
प्रणिपत्य:
Purvakala-kriya (Gerundial)
TypeVerb
Rootपत् (धातु) + प्र + नि (उपसर्ग)
Formक्त्वान्त (Absolutive), अव्ययभाव; पूर्वक्रिया (having bowed down)
भक्त्याwith devotion
भक्त्या:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootभक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन; करण (with devotion)
विप्रायto a brāhmaṇa
विप्राय:
Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/चतुर्थी), एकवचन; सम्प्रदान (to a brāhmaṇa)
देहिgive
देहि:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootदा (धातु)
Formलोट् (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
तवyour
तव:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (6th), एकवचन; सम्बन्ध
दानशतैःby hundreds of gifts
दानशतैः:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootदान + शत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), बहुवचन; करण (by hundreds of gifts)
किम्what (use)
किम्:
Prashna (Interrogative)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; प्रश्नार्थक
अन्यैःwith other (gifts)
अन्यैः:
Karana (Instrument/Reference)
TypeNoun
Rootअन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), बहुवचन; ‘सह/विना’ अर्थे—इह ‘अन्यैः (दानैः)’

Śrī Kṛṣṇa (identified in the verse as śrīkṛṣṇa)

Afterlife Stage: Pretayoni

Beneficiary: Pitr

Concept: Specific, devotionally performed dāna—properly crafted, consecrated, and given to a worthy recipient—can swiftly remove fear and adverse post-mortem conditions.

Vedantic Theme: Karma-yoga purified by bhakti; efficacy depends on śraddhā, right recipient (pātra), and intention, aligning action with dharma.

Application: If following tradition: commission/prepare the prescribed golden vessel with iconography, fill with kṣīra and ghṛta, bow with devotion, and donate to a qualified brāhmaṇa; otherwise, emulate the principle—high-integrity giving with reverence and purity.

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Type: ritual-instruction setting

Related Themes: Garuda Purana: dāna-mahātmyas and preta-śānti dānas in Pretakalpa/śrāddha-related chapters; Garuda Purana: discussions of pātra (worthy recipient) and bhakti as multiplier of merit

K
Kṛṣṇa
B
Brahmā
Ś
Śiva (Īśa)
V
Viṣṇu (Keśava)
L
Lokapālas
B
Brāhmaṇa

FAQs

This verse presents a specific ritual charity—offering a gold vessel associated with major deities and filled with milk and ghee—as a highly efficacious dāna said to quickly remove fear and confer strong spiritual merit, surpassing many lesser donations.

In the Preta Kanda, dāna is repeatedly taught as a support for the deceased and the family’s ritual duty; here, Kṛṣṇa emphasizes a potent form of charity that counters fear (bhaya), a common theme in post-death passages dealing with uncertainty, rites, and the soul’s welfare.

Prioritize sincere, dharmic giving with devotion—especially supporting qualified priests/learned brāhmaṇas and ritual needs—rather than focusing on quantity; the verse highlights intention (bhakti) and meaningful, tradition-aligned charity.