Rig Veda 8.41.9: Mandala 8, Sukta 41, Mantra 9

Sukta 8.41

Devata: Varuṇa (with refrain-like cadence continuing into adjacent verses)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यस्य श्वेता विचक्षणा तिस्रो भूमीरधिक्षितः । त्रिरुत्तराणि पप्रतुर्वरुणस्य ध्रुवं सदः स सप्तानामिरज्यति नभन्तामन्यके समे ॥

Transliteration

yásya śvetā́ vi-cakṣaṇā́ tisró bhū́mīr adhi-kṣitáḥ | trír uttárāṇi papratúr váruṇasya dhruváṃ sádaḥ | sá saptā́nām irajyati nábhantām anyaké samé ||

Translation

He whose clear, luminous discernments dwell above the three worlds of our being; thrice they press beyond into the higher reaches of Varuṇa’s fixed and steady seat. He harmonises the sevenfold powers within us; may the other forces find their right level in the common unity.

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Word by Word

• यस्य: whose
• यस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• श्वेताः: white, bright
• श्वेताः: कर्तृ/विशेषण (of the subject ‘भूमीः’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्वेत (प्रातिपदिक)

• विचक्षणाः: clear-sighted, discerning
• विचक्षणाः: कर्तृ/विशेषण (of ‘भूमीः’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि-चक्षण (प्रातिपदिक)

• तिस्रः: three
• तिस्रः: विशेषण (of ‘भूमीः’)
• Type: Numeral
• Root: त्रि (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)

• भूमीः: earths, regions
• भूमीः: कर्तृ (of ‘अधिक्षितः’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूमि (प्रातिपदिक)

• अधिक्षितः: dwelling over, presiding over
• अधिक्षितः: कर्तृ (predicative of ‘यस्य’ = Varuṇa)
• Type: Participle (verbal adjective)
• Root: अधि-क्षि (धातु) → अधिक्षित (कृदन्त, भूतकृत्/PPP)

• त्रिः: thrice
• त्रिः: क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: त्रिः (अव्यय)

• उत्तराणि: upper (regions), higher ones
• उत्तराणि: कर्म (of ‘पप्रथुः’)
• Type: Adjective (substantivized)
• Root: उत्तर (प्रातिपदिक)

• पप्रथुः: they have spread/extended
• पप्रथुः: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-थृ/प्रथ् (धातु ‘to spread, extend’)

• वरुणस्य: of Varuṇa
• वरुणस्य: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: वरुण (प्रातिपदिक)

• ध्रुवम्: firm, fixed
• ध्रुवम्: विशेषण (of ‘सदः’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ध्रुव (प्रातिपदिक)

• सदः: seat, abode
• सदः: कर्म (with implied ‘to/for’; object in the spreading/establishing sense)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सदस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• सः: he
• सः: कर्तृ (of ‘इरज्यति’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• सप्तानाम्: of the seven
• सप्तानाम्: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Numeral (used substantively)
• Root: सप्तन् (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)

• इरज्यति: sets in motion, impels
• इरज्यति: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: इरज्/ईर्ज्? (धातु; Vedic ‘to set in motion/impel, be active’)

• नभन्ताम्: let them burst forth / let them arise
• नभन्ताम्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb-form
• Root: नभ् (धातु ‘to burst forth/spring; also ‘to cloud/cover’ in some Vedic uses) → नभन्त (present participle/imperative-like injunctive?)

• अन्यके: in/among another (place/way)
• अन्यके: अधिकरण
• Type: Adjective/Substantive
• Root: अन्यक (प्रातिपदिक; ‘other, another sort’)

• समे: in the level (place), in sameness
• समे: अधिकरण
• Type: Adjective/Substantive
• Root: सम (प्रातिपदिक)