Rig Veda 8.3.23: Mandala 8, Sukta 3, Mantra 23

Sukta 8.3

Rishi: Kaṇva (Kaṇva lineage; Kaṇvāḥ)

Devata: Indra (implied leader/receiver of the yoked powers; verse describes convergence toward a principal)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; needs verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यस्मा अन्ये दश प्रति धुरं वहन्ति वह्नयः । अस्तं वयो न तुग्र्यम् ॥

Transliteration

yásmā anyé dáśa práti dhúraṃ váhanti váhnayaḥ | ástaṃ váyo ná tugryám ||

Translation

To whom the other ten bear the yoke in response—the carriers of the flame-force—like birds to their home at dusk: thus all powers return to that leading principle, the settled resting-place of the journey.

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Word by Word

• यस्मै: to whom
• यस्मै: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अन्ये: others
• अन्ये: कर्तृ
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• दश: ten
• दश: विशेषण (कर्तृ-सम्बन्धी)
• Type: Numeral
• Root: दशन् (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)

• प्रति: towards, against
• प्रति: अधिकारण/दिशा-सम्बन्ध (towards)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रति (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• धुरम्: the yoke-pole / yoke (burden)
• धुरम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: धुर्/धुरा (प्रातिपदिक)

• वहन्ति: they carry, they bear
• वहन्ति: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: वह् (धातु)

• वह्नयः: bearers; (also: fires/priests as carriers)
• वह्नयः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: वह्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• अस्तम्: homeward; to rest/setting
• अस्तम्: अधिकारण/दिशा-सम्बन्ध
• Type: Indeclinable (directional)
• Root: अस्त (प्रातिपदिक; also used as avyaya in sense ‘home/down’)

• वयः: a bird (lit. ‘winged one’)
• वयः: कर्म (उपमान-रूपेण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वयस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• न: like, as
• न: सम्बन्ध (simile-marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (निपात)

• तुग्र्यम्: Tugrya (name/epithet); the Tugrya-man (object of motion/attainment)
• तुग्र्यम्: कर्म (गन्तव्य/प्राप्य)
• Type: Adjective (used as noun/epithet)
• Root: तुग्र्य (प्रातिपदिक; विशेषण/नाम)