Rig Veda 7.99.3: Mandala 7, Sukta 99, Mantra 3

Sukta 7.99

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha (traditional for Maṇḍala 7)

Devata: Viṣṇu (with cosmological support imagery)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; requires metrical verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

इरावती धेनुमती हि भूतं सूयवसिनी मनुषे दशस्या । व्यस्तभ्ना रोदसी विष्णवेते दाधर्थ पृथिवीमभितो मयूखैः ॥

Transliteration

īrā́vatī dhenúmatī hí bhūtáṃ sūyavasínī mánuṣe daśasyā́ | vy àstabhnā rodasī víṣṇav ete dā́dhartha pṛthivīm abhíto mayū́khaiḥ ||

Translation

Full of the flowing plenty, rich in milking-force, bearing good pasture, it has become for man a thing to serve and cherish. These two worlds thou hast propped apart for Vishnu; and thou hast held the earth on every side with rays of light.

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Word by Word

• इरा॑वती: food-/nourishment-rich
• इरा॑वती: Kartā (समुच्चित-कर्ता; धेनुमती सह)
• Type: Adjective (f.)
• Root: इरावत् (प्रातिपदिक; इरा ‘अन्न/पोषण’ + -वत्)

• धेनु॒मती॒: abounding in cows/milk
• धेनु॒मती॒: Kartā (समुच्चित-कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective (f.)
• Root: धेनुमत् (प्रातिपदिक; धेनु ‘दुग्धधेनु’ + -मत्)

• हि: indeed, for
• हि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि

• भूतम्: has become; is (come to be)
• भूतम्: — (विधेय/प्रेडिकेटिव)
• Type: Participle (verbal adjective)
• Root: भू (धातु) → भूत (कृदन्त, भूत-)

• सू॑यव॒सिनी॒: rich in good pasture
• सू॑यव॒सिनी॒: Kartā (समुच्चित-कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective (f.)
• Root: सूयवसिन् (प्रातिपदिक; सु- + यवस ‘घास/चारा’)

• मनु॑षे: for man/mankind
• मनु॑षे: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनुष्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• दश॒स्या: worthy of worship/service
• दश॒स्या: — (विधेय)
• Type: Adjective (predicative)
• Root: दशस्य (धातु √दशस्/दश् ‘पूज्/सेव्’ से; ‘दशस्य’ = ‘पूज्य/पूजनीय’)

• व्य॑स्तभ्नाः: you propped apart; you upheld
• व्य॑स्तभ्नाः: Kartā (अन्तर्निहित ‘त्वम्’ = विष्णोः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √स्तभ् (स्तम्भने) + वि-

• रोद॑सी: the two worlds (heaven and earth)
• रोद॑सी: Karma
• Type: Noun (dual)
• Root: रोदसी (द्विवचन-प्रातिपदिक; द्यावा-पृथिव्यौ)

• विष्णवे॒ते: for Viṣṇu—these (deeds)
• विष्णवे॒ते: Sampradāna (विष्णवे); ‘एते’ = अनुवाद/निर्देश
• Type: Noun + Pronoun (enclitic)
• Root: विष्णु (देवनाम) + इते/इता (एतद्-प्रातिपदिक का रूप; ‘एते’ = ‘these’/‘thus’—वैदिक प्रयोग)

• दा॒धर्थ॑: you have held/placed firmly
• दा॒धर्थ॑: Kartā (अन्तर्निहित ‘त्वम्’ = विष्णोः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √धृ (धारणे) → दाधर्थ (परिपूर्ण/परफेक्ट-रूप)

• पृथि॒वीम्: the earth
• पृथि॒वीम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृथिवी (प्रातिपदिक)

• अ॒भितः॑: around, on all sides
• अ॒भितः॑: Adhikaraṇa (परिसर/परितः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अभितः

• म॒यूखै॑ः: with rays/beams
• म॒यूखै॑ः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: मयूख (प्रातिपदिक)