Rig Veda 5.1.4: Mandala 5, Sukta 1, Mantra 4

Sukta 5.1

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha (traditional attribution for RV 5.1)

Devata: Agni (with Sūrya/Uṣas as supporting powers)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अग्निमच्छा देवयतां मनांसि चक्षूंषीव सूर्ये सं चरन्ति । यदीं सुवाते उषसा विरूपे श्वेतो वाजी जायते अग्रे अह्नाम् ॥

Transliteration

agním ácchā deva-yatā́m manā́ṃsi cakṣū́ṃṣīva sū́rye sáṃ caranti | yád īṃ súvāte uṣásā vírūpe śvetó vājī́ jāyate ágre áhnām ||

Translation

Toward Agni the god-seeking minds move together, as eyes converge upon the Sun. When the two Dawn-powers, diverse in form, bring him forth, the white steed of plenitude is born at the head of the days.

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Word by Word

• अग्निम्: Agni (as object/goal)
• अग्निम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि- (प्रातिपदिक)

• अच्छा: towards
• अच्छा: अधिकारण (गतिद्योतक/दिशा)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अच्छा (अव्यय)

• देवयताम्: of the god-seeking (devout)
• देवयताम्: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
• Type: Adjective (participial)
• Root: देवयत्- (देव + यत्; प्रातिपदिक)

• मनांसि: minds
• मनांसि: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनस्- (प्रातिपदिक)

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)

• चक्षूंषि: eyes
• चक्षूंषि: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: चक्षुस्- (प्रातिपदिक)

• इव: like
• इव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)

• सूर्ये: in/at the Sun
• सूर्ये: अधिकारण
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य- (प्रातिपदिक)

• सम्: together, fully
• सम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: सम् (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• चरन्ति: they move/go
• चरन्ति: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: चर् (धातु)

• यत्: when/that
• यत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable/Relative
• Root: यद्- (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• ईम्: indeed, just
• ईम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ईम् (अव्यय/निपात)

• सुवाते: she brings forth/gives birth
• सुवाते: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: सू (धातु; ‘प्रसव/जनन’) + वि/सु- (उपसर्ग)

• उषसा: by/with Dawn
• उषसा: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: उषस्- (प्रातिपदिक)

• विरूपे: two of differing forms
• विरूपे: कर्म (of ‘suvāte’) / विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विरूप- (वि + रूप; प्रातिपदिक)

• श्वेतः: white, bright
• श्वेतः: कर्तृ (of ‘जायते’) / विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्वेत- (प्रातिपदिक)

• वाजी: the racer/steed (winner of prize)
• वाजी: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: वाजिन्- (प्रातिपदिक)

• जायते: is born/arises
• जायते: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: जन् (धातु; ‘to be born’)

• अग्रे: in front/at first
• अग्रे: अधिकारण
• Type: Indeclinable (locative used adverbially)
• Root: अग्र- (प्रातिपदिक)

• अह्नाम्: of the days
• अह्नाम्: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहन्- (प्रातिपदिक)