Rig Veda 2.19.5: Mandala 2, Sukta 19, Mantra 5

Sukta 2.19

Rishi: Gṛtsamada

Devata: Indra (with solar imagery: Sūrya, Etaśa)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

स सुन्वत इन्द्रः सूर्यमा देवो रिणङ्मर्त्याय स्तवान् । आ यद्रयिं गुहदवद्यमस्मै भरदंशं नैतशो दशस्यन् ॥

Transliteration

sá sunvatá índraḥ sū́ryam ā́ devó riṇáṅ mártyāya stavā́n | ā́ yád rayíṃ gúhad avadyám asmai bhárad áṃśaṃ ná ét aśo daśasyán ||

Translation

To the presser, Indra the god brings near the Sun for the mortal who praises. And when he brings to him the hidden plenitude, faultless, he bears it as a due portion, like Etaśa bringing the share, in the act of service.

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Word by Word

• सः: he (that one)
• सः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → स

• सुन्वते: to the Soma-presser
• सुन्वते: Sampradāna
• Type: Verb (participle used substantively)
• Root: √सु (सुनोति ‘to press (Soma)’)

• इन्द्रः: Indra
• इन्द्रः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• सूर्यमाः: the sun(-like) one
• सूर्यमाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective (epithet)
• Root: सूर्यमास्/सूर्यमा (प्रातिपदिक; ‘sun-like/solar one’)

• देवः: the god
• देवः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• रिणङ्: he harmed/struck
• रिणङ्: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ऋ (ऋणक्ति/रिणक्ति ‘to injure, harm’)

• मर्त्याय: for the mortal
• मर्त्याय: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: मर्त्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• स्तवान्: having praised
• स्तवान्: Kartā
• Type: Participle
• Root: √स्तु (स्तौति ‘to praise’)

• आ: towards, hither
• आ: (क्रियाविशेषणम्)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• यत्: which/that (when)
• यत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun (relative)
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → यत्

• रयिम्: wealth
• रयिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रयि (प्रातिपदिक)

• गुहत्: hiding (it)
• गुहत्: (क्रियाविशेषणम्)
• Type: Participle (converbial)
• Root: √गुह् (गूहति ‘to hide’)

• अवद्यम्: blameworthy, faulty
• अवद्यम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अवद्य (प्रातिपदिक) / अवद्- (निन्द्य) ‘blameworthy’

• अस्मै: to him
• अस्मै: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → अस्मै

• भरत्: he brought
• भरत्: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भृ (भरति ‘to bring, bear’)

• अंशम्: a share, portion
• अंशम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अंश (प्रातिपदिक)

• न: not
• न: (निषेधः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (निषेध-निपात)

• एतशः: Etaśa (the swift one/steed)
• एतशः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतश (प्रातिपदिक; ‘swift/bay (horse)’, esp. of the Sun)

• दशस्यन्: showing favor / serving
• दशस्यन्: Kartā
• Type: Participle
• Root: √दशस्/√दश (वैदिक ‘to show favor, to be gracious/serve’)