Rig Veda 10.86.5: Mandala 10, Sukta 86, Mantra 5

Sukta 10.86

Rishi: Indrāṇī (traditional)

Devata: Indra (refrain; with Vṛṣākapi as subsidiary figure)

Chandas: Tr̥ṣṭubh (approx.)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्रिया तष्टानि मे कपिर्व्यक्ता व्यदूदुषत् । शिरो न्वस्य राविषं न सुगं दुष्कृते भुवं विश्वस्मादिन्द्र उत्तरः ॥

Transliteration

priyā́ táṣṭāni me kapír vyàktā́ vy àdūduṣat | śíro nv asya rāviṣaṁ ná sugáṁ duṣkṛ́te bhuvaṁ víśvasmād índra úttaraḥ ||

Translation

The dear, well-fashioned powers in me—the kapi-force—have become manifest and have shaken loose what was bound. Yet I have bruised his head: for wrong-doing there is no easy path. Indra stands higher than all, to set the energies into right measure.

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Word by Word

• प्रिया: dear, beloved
• प्रिया: Kartā (विषय-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रिय- (प्रातिपदिक)

• तष्टानि: fashioned, carved
• तष्टानि: Karma (मे—सम्बद्धानि वस्तूनि)
• Type: Adjective (past participle)
• Root: तक्ष् (धातु) → तष्ट (कृदन्त) / तष्ट- (प्रातिपदिक)

• मे: of me, my
• मे: सम्बन्ध (Genitive: ‘my’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• कपिः: the monkey (Kapi)
• कपिः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: कपि- (प्रातिपदिक)

• व्यक्ता: manifest, clearly seen
• व्यक्ता: Kartā (कपिः—सह/विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Adjective (past participle)
• Root: व्यञ्ज्/व्यक्त (प्रातिपदिक; PPP ‘manifest’)

• व्यदूदुषत्: he defiled, he spoiled
• व्यदूदुषत्: Kriyā (कपिः कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दूष् (धातु) + वि- (उपसर्ग)

• शिरः: head
• शिरः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिरस्- (प्रातिपदिक)

• नु: indeed, now
• नु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नु (निपात)

• अस्य: of him/this
• अस्य: सम्बन्ध (Genitive)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम) → अस्य

• राविषम्: I made (it) cry/roar; I caused to sound
• राविषम्: Kriyā (अहं कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: रु/रव् (धातु) → रावि- (नामधातु/कृदन्ताधार) / √रु (धातु) (वेदिक रूप)

• न: not
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (निपात)

• सुगम्: easy, pleasant, readily passable
• सुगम्: Karma/Predicative (भुवम् इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-गम् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘easy-going/easy’)

• दुष्कृते: for wrongdoing / for the evil-doer
• दुष्कृते: Sampradāna (दुष्कृतये ‘for evil-doing/for the wrong-doer’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुष्-कृत् (प्रातिपदिक) → दुष्कृति-

• भुवम्: I became; I was
• भुवम्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)

• विश्वस्मात्: from all (others)
• विश्वस्मात्: Apādāna (ablative: ‘from all’)
• Type: Adjective used substantively
• Root: विश्व- (प्रातिपदिक)

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun (vocative)
• Root: इन्द्र- (प्रातिपदिक)

• उत्तरः: higher, superior
• उत्तरः: Kartā/Predicative (इन्द्रः—विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्तर- (प्रातिपदिक)