Rig Veda 10.44.3: Mandala 10, Sukta 44, Mantra 3

Sukta 10.44

Devata: Indra (with his bearers/companions)

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; needs metrical confirmation)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

एन्द्रवाहो नृपतिं वज्रबाहुमुग्रमुग्रासस्तविषास एनम् । प्रत्वक्षसं वृषभं सत्यशुष्ममेमस्मत्रा सधमादो वहन्तु ॥

Transliteration

éndra-vāho nṛ-pátiṃ vájra-bāhum ugrám ugrā́sas taviṣā́sa enam | prá-tvakṣasaṃ vṛṣabháṃ satyá-śuṣmam émam asmatrā́ sadha-mā́do vahantu ||

Translation

O bearers of Indra, bring here the lord of men with the thunderbolt in his arm—fierce, and borne by the fierce and the strong: the forward-growing Bull, whose true force is sure; let the comrades of the common delight carry him to us here.

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Word by Word

• आ: towards, hither
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग) / अव्यय

• इन्द्रवाहाः: Indra-bearers (those who bring Indra)
• इन्द्रवाहाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun (compound) / Adjective
• Root: इन्द्र-वाह (प्रातिपदिक; इन्द्र + वाह ‘carrying/bringing’)

• नृपतिम्: the lord of men
• नृपतिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृपति (प्रातिपदिक; नृ ‘man’ + पति ‘lord’)

• वज्रबाहुम्: whose arm is the thunderbolt
• वज्रबाहुम्: Karma (विशेषण of नृपतिम्)
• Type: Adjective (compound)
• Root: वज्रबाहु (प्रातिपदिक; वज्र ‘thunderbolt’ + बाहु ‘arm’)

• उग्रम्: mighty, fierce
• उग्रम्: Karma (विशेषण of नृपतिम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उग्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• उग्रासः: the strong ones
• उग्रासः: Kartā (apposition to इन्द्रवाहाः)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: उग्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• तविषासः: the mighty (possessing शक्ति)
• तविषासः: Kartā (apposition to इन्द्रवाहाः)
• Type: Noun (used adjectivally)
• Root: तविष (प्रातिपदिक; ‘strength, might’)

• एनम्: him
• एनम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• त्वक्षसम्: vigorous, strong
• त्वक्षसम्: Karma (विशेषण of वृषभम्/एनम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्वक्षस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘vigour/strength’, RV usage)

• वृषभम्: the bull (hero)
• वृषभम्: Karma (apposition to एनम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृषभ (प्रातिपदिक)

• सत्यशुष्मम्: of true might
• सत्यशुष्मम्: Karma (विशेषण of वृषभम्/एनम्)
• Type: Adjective (compound)
• Root: सत्य-शुष्म (प्रातिपदिक; सत्य ‘true’ + शुष्म ‘might, ardour’)

• आ: hither
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग) / अव्यय

• इमम्: this (one), him here
• इमम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अस्मत्रा: to us, to our side
• अस्मत्रा: Adhikaraṇa (goal/direction) / Sampradāna (to us) بحسب संदर्भ
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अस्मत्रा (अव्यय; अस्मद्-प्रत्ययान्त ‘to us/our side’)

• सधमादः: companions of the common feast
• सधमादः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: सधमाद (प्रातिपदिक; ‘common feast/banquet, shared drinking’)

• वहन्तु: let (them) carry/bring
• वहन्तु: — (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वह् (वहति) धातु