Rig Veda 1.8.3 — Mandala 1, Sukta 8, Mantra 3
Sukta 1.8
Rishi: Madhuchchhandas Vaiśvāmitra (traditional attribution for RV 1.8)
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Gāyatrī (3 pādas of 8 syllables; standard for many early Indra hymns)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
इन्द्र त्वोतास आ वयं वज्रं घना ददीमहि । जयेम सं युधि स्पृधः ॥
Transliteration
índra tvótāsa ā vayáṃ vájraṃ ghanā dadīmahi | jáyema sáṃ yudhí spṛ́dhaḥ ||
Translation
O Indra, upheld by you as our helper, we come forward; to the smiters we would give the thunder-force (vajra). May we win, united in the battle, over the powers of resistance.
Word by Word
इन्द्रO Indra
इन्द्र:
सम्बोधन (आह्वान)
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक) < PIE *h₁n̥dʰro- (परम्परागत व्युत्पत्तिः अनिश्चित) देव-नाम
त्वाyou (to you)
त्वा:
कर्म (ददीमहि—‘we give you’)
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
ऊतासःhelpers, supporters
ऊतासः:
कर्तृ (वयम्—‘we, the helpers’)
TypeNoun
Rootऊति (स्त्री) → ऊतिन्/ऊत (सहाय) (प्रातिपदिक); RV-विशेष बहुवचन-रूप
आhither, forth
आ:
क्रियाविशेषण (आगमन/सम्प्राप्त्यर्थे)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (उपसर्ग/निपात)
वयम्we
वयम्:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
वज्रम्the thunderbolt
वज्रम्:
कर्म (ददीमहि)
TypeNoun
Rootवज्र (प्रातिपदिक)
घनाwith the smiter (weapon), as a crusher
घना:
करण (instrumental: ‘with/ as the smiter’)
TypeNoun/Adjective (epithet)
Rootघन (प्रातिपदिक) (घन ‘सघन/घनः’ अथवा ‘घन’ = ‘हन्तृ/वज्र’ इति RV-प्रयोगः)
ददीमहिwe give / we bestow
ददीमहि:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootदा (दाने) धातु
जयेमmay we win
जयेम:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootजि (जये) धातु
सम्together, completely
सम्:
क्रियाविशेषण (सम्यक्/समवेत्यर्थे)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम् (उपसर्ग)
युधिin battle
युधि:
अधिकरण (locative: ‘in battle’)
TypeNoun
Rootयुध् (स्त्री) ‘battle’ (प्रातिपदिक)
स्पृधःhostilities, rivals
स्पृधः:
कर्म (जयेम—‘win/overcome the hostilities’)
TypeNoun
Rootस्पृध् (स्त्री) ‘rivalry/hostility’ (प्रातिपदिक)
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