Shloka 30

The Duties and Conduct of the Graduate (Snātaka) and the Householder

Devanagari script

चतुर्दशानां विद्यानां धारणा हि परार्थतः । विज्ञानमिति तद्विद्याद्येन धर्मो विवर्धते

Transliteration

caturdaśānāṃ vidyānāṃ dhāraṇā hi parārthataḥ | vijñānamiti tadvidyādyena dharmo vivardhate

Translation

ចូរដឹងថា ‘វិជ្ញាន’ ពិតប្រាកដ គឺការកាន់កាប់វិទ្យាទាំងដប់បួនសាខា ដើម្បីប្រយោជន៍អ្នកដទៃ; ដោយវា ធម្មៈកើនឡើង និងរឹងមាំ។

Word by Word

• caturdaśānām: of fourteen
• caturdaśānām: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: caturdaśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural; dvigu numeral compound ‘fourteen’ qualifying vidyānām

• vidyānām: of knowledges/branches of learning
• vidyānām: Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vidyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Genitive, Plural

• dhāraṇā: retention/holding (in mind)
• dhāraṇā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dhāraṇā (प्रातिपदिक; √dhṛ + lyuṭ)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• hi: indeed
• hi: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: Emphatic/causal particle (निपात)

• para-arthataḥ: for others’ benefit
• para-arthataḥ: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: para (प्रातिपदिक) + artha (प्रातिपदिक) + tas (तसिल्)
• Form: Avyayībhāva/adverbial formation with -tas (तसिल्): ‘for the sake of others’

• vijñānam: true knowledge/discernment
• vijñānam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vijñāna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• iti: thus
• iti: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: Quotative particle (इति-निपात)

• tat: that
• tat: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma, Neuter, Accusative, Singular; object of vidyāt (‘that’)

• vidyāt: should know/understand
• vidyāt: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vid (धातु)
• Form: Vidhi-liṅ (विधिलिङ्/optative), Parasmaipada, 3rd Person, Singular

• yena: by which
• yena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma, Neuter, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular; relative pronoun ‘by which’

• dharmaḥ: dharma
• dharmaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• vivardhate: increases, grows
• vivardhate: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi√vṛdh (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ (लट्/present), Ātmanepada, 3rd Person, Singular

Speaker

Unspecified (narratorial/teachings context within Svarga-khaṇḍa; exact speaker not stated in the provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: tadvidyādyena = tat + vidyāt + yena (t+v sandhi; final -t before v; also euphonic combination across words).

FAQs

What does this verse define as vijñāna (true discernment)?

It defines vijñāna as understanding and retaining the (traditional) fourteen branches of knowledge with an altruistic aim—so that one’s learning actively supports others and thereby strengthens dharma.

Why does the verse stress learning “for the sake of others” (parārthataḥ)?

Because knowledge becomes ethically meaningful when applied for welfare beyond oneself; the verse links the value of learning to its capacity to nourish righteousness and social-spiritual order (dharma).

What is the ethical lesson taught here?

Study is not merely accumulation of information; it becomes higher knowledge when it is internalized and used selflessly, resulting in the growth of dharma in personal conduct and the wider community.