Shloka 34

Narmadā Pilgrimage Itinerary: Sequence of Tīrthas, Rites, and Fruits

Devanagari script

उपवासपरो भूत्वा नित्यं ब्रह्मपरायणः । तत्र स्नात्वा तु राजेंद्र मुच्यते ब्रह्महत्यया

Transliteration

upavāsaparo bhūtvā nityaṃ brahmaparāyaṇaḥ | tatra snātvā tu rājeṃdra mucyate brahmahatyayā

Translation

ដោយប្រកាន់អុបវាស និងតែងតែផ្ដោតចិត្តលើ ព្រហ្មន៍ ជានិច្ច ឱ ព្រះរាជាដ៏ប្រសើរ! អប់ទឹកនៅទីនោះ នឹងរួចផុតពីបាប ប្រាហ្មណ-ហត្យា (សម្លាប់ព្រាហ្មណ៍)។

Word by Word

• upavāsa-paraḥ: devoted to fasting
• upavāsa-paraḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of implied Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: upavāsa + para (प्रातिपदिके)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः: upavāse paraḥ (devoted to fasting)

• bhūtvā: having become
• bhūtvā: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (धातु)
• Form: Kṛdanta; त्वान्त (Absolutive/Gerund): "having become"

• nityam: always
• nityam: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध) (sentence adverb)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: nitya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Used adverbially (क्रियाविशेषणवत्): "always/constantly"

• brahma-parāyaṇaḥ: devoted to Brahman
• brahma-parāyaṇaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of implied Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: brahman + parāyaṇa (प्रातिपदिके)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः: brahmaṇi parāyaṇaḥ (wholly devoted to Brahman)

• tatra: there
• tatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), adverb: "there"

• snātvā: having bathed
• snātvā: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: snā (धातु)
• Form: Kṛdanta; त्वान्त (Absolutive/Gerund): "having bathed"

• tu: indeed
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), particle (निपात): emphasis/contrast

• rājendra: O king of kings
• rājendra: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan + indra (प्रातिपदिकौ)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), सम्बोधन (Vocative/8th), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (षष्ठी): rājñām indraḥ

• mucyate: is freed
• mucyate: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: muc (धातु)
• Form: Verb; लट् (Present), आत्मनेपद; प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; passive sense: "is released"

• brahma-hatyayā: from the sin of brahmin-slaying
• brahma-hatyayā: Hetu (हेतु) / Nimitta (निमित्त) (cause: 'from/by the sin')
• Type: Noun
• Root: brahman + hatyā (प्रातिपदिके)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), तृतीया (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः: brahmaṇaḥ hatyā (Brahmin-slaying); here instrumental of cause/association

Speaker

Unspecified in the provided excerpt (context needed to identify the dialogue pair).

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Geographic Context

Type: tirtha

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: brahmaparāyaṇaḥ = brahma-parāyaṇaḥ

Characters & Entities

• Brahman (Brahma/Brahman as the Absolute)

FAQs

What practice is recommended in this verse for purification?

The verse recommends disciplined fasting (upavāsa) and bathing at a specified sacred place (tatra snātvā), combined with steadfast devotion to Brahman.

What is the major sin mentioned, and what is promised?

The sin is brahmahatyā (killing a Brahmin), and the verse states that bathing there, with the described spiritual discipline, brings release from that sin.

What ethical lesson does the verse emphasize?

It emphasizes repentance and inner reorientation—purification is linked not only to an external rite (bathing) but also to sustained self-restraint (fasting) and spiritual focus (brahmaparāyaṇatā).