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Shloka 28

Kṣātra-Dharma, Daṇḍanīti, and Social Order

Indra–Māndhātṛ Dialogue

निर्मर्यादा: काममन्युप्रवृत्ता भीता राज्ञो नाधिगच्छन्ति पापम्‌ | शिष्टाक्षान्ये सर्वधर्मोपपन्ना: साध्वाचारा: साधु धर्म वदन्ति,जो लोग काम, क्रोधमें फँसकर उच्छुंखल हो गये हैं, वे भी राजाके भयसे ही पाप नहीं कर पाते हैं, तथा जो सब प्रकारके धर्मोंका पालन करनेवाले श्रेष्ठ पुरुष हैं वे राजासे सुरक्षित हो सदाचारका सेवन करते हुए धर्मका सदुपदेश करते हैं

nirmaryādāḥ kāma-manyu-pravṛttā bhītā rājño nādhigacchanti pāpam | śiṣṭākṣānye sarva-dharmopapannāḥ sādhvācārāḥ sādhu dharma vadanti ||

ឥន្ទ្រៈបាននិយាយថា៖ សូម្បីតែមនុស្សដែលគ្មានវិន័យ ត្រូវបានជំរុញដោយតណ្ហា និងកំហឹង ក៏មិនហ៊ានធ្វើបាប ដោយសារភ័យខ្លាចព្រះមហាក្សត្រ។ ហើយបុរសល្អមានវិន័យ អ្នកពេញលេញដោយធម៌គ្រប់ប្រភេទ ក្រោមការការពាររបស់ព្រះមហាក្សត្រ ក៏ប្រព្រឹត្តសុចរិត និងបង្រៀនធម៌ដោយត្រឹមត្រូវ។

निर्मर्यादाःunrestrained, without bounds
निर्मर्यादाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्मर्याद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
काममन्युप्रवृत्ताःdriven by desire and anger
काममन्युप्रवृत्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकाममन्युप्रवृत्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भीताःafraid
भीताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभीत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
राज्ञःfrom the king (out of fear of the king)
राज्ञः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अधिगच्छन्तिcommit / incur / fall into
अधिगच्छन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअधि-गम्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
पापम्sin, wrongdoing
पापम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपाप
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
शिष्टाःthe cultured/learned (good people)
शिष्टाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशिष्ट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
चान्येand others
चान्ये:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच + अन्य
सर्वधर्मोपपन्नाःendowed with all dharmas
सर्वधर्मोपपन्नाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्वधर्मोपपन्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
साध्वाचाराःof good conduct
साध्वाचाराः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसाध्वाचार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
साधुwell, rightly
साधु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसाधु
धर्मम्dharma, righteousness
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वदन्तिspeak, teach
वदन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootवद्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada

इन्द्र उवाच

I
Indra
T
the king (rājā)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that effective kingship supports dharma in two ways: it restrains the unruly through fear of punishment, and it enables the virtuous to live safely, practice good conduct, and teach dharma openly.

Indra is explaining a principle of rājadharma (the king’s duty): the presence of royal authority and protection reduces wrongdoing among the impulsive and provides security for disciplined, dharma-abiding people to uphold and propagate righteous conduct.