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Shloka 4

Śaraṇāgata-Atithi-Dharma in the Kapota Narrative (कपोत-आख्यानम्—शरणागतधर्मः)

अविश्वस्तेषु सर्वेषु नित्यं भीतेषु पार्थिव । निकृत्या हन्यमानेषु वज्चयत्सु परस्परम्‌

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca |

aviśvasteṣu sarveṣu nityaṁ bhīteṣu pārthiva |

nikṛtyā hanyamāneṣu vañcayatsu parasparam ||

យុធិષ્ઠិរ បានទូលថា៖ «ឱ ព្រះមហាក្សត្រ! នៅពេលដែលមនុស្សទាំងអស់គ្មានទំនុកចិត្តលើគ្នា រស់នៅក្នុងភ័យជានិច្ច ត្រូវសម្លាប់ដោយល្បិចក្បត់ ហើយបោកបញ្ឆោតគ្នាទៅវិញទៅមក—នៅពេលដែលកាលៈទេសៈអាក្រក់បែបនេះគ្របដណ្តប់ ហើយស្តង់ដារនៃសេចក្តីប្រព្រឹត្តត្រឹមត្រូវរលំចុះ—ព្រះព្រាហ្មណ៍គួររកជីវិតដោយមធ្យោបាយអ្វី?»

अविश्वस्तेषुamong the distrustful / where there is no trust
अविश्वस्तेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअविश्वस्त
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
सर्वेषुin all (people/places)
सर्वेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
भीतेषुamong the frightened
भीतेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootभीत
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
पार्थिवO king
पार्थिव:
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
निकृत्याby deceit/treachery
निकृत्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनिकृति
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
हन्यमानेषुwhen (people) are being killed
हन्यमानेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormPresent passive participle (शानच्), Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
वञ्चयत्सुwhen (people) are cheating
वञ्चयत्सु:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootवञ्च्
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
परस्परम्each other / mutually
परस्परम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरस्पर

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
P
pārthiva (the king addressed)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a moral crisis: when society is ruled by fear, distrust, and treachery, even basic duties become uncertain. It raises the ethical problem of how a brāhmaṇa—ideally committed to non-violence, truth, and restraint—can preserve life without abandoning dharma in a time dominated by adharma.

In Śānti Parva’s discourse on governance and righteousness, Yudhiṣṭhira addresses a king and describes a breakdown of social trust and safety—people cheat and kill one another through deceit. He asks what practical means of livelihood remain for a brāhmaṇa when public order and moral norms have collapsed.