Shloka 98

Daily Duties of Brāhmaṇas: Snāna, Sandhyā, Sūrya-hṛdaya, Japa, Tarpaṇa, and the Pañca-mahāyajñas

Devanagari script

पुष्पैः पत्रैरथाद्भिर्वा चन्दनाद्यैर्महेश्वरम् / उक्त्वा नमः शिवायेति मन्त्रेणानेन योजयेत्

Transliteration

puṣpaiḥ patrairathādbhirvā candanādyairmaheśvaram / uktvā namaḥ śivāyeti mantreṇānena yojayet

Translation

ដោយផ្កា ដោយស្លឹក ឬសូម្បីតែដោយទឹក—ជាមួយចន្ទនៈជាដើម—គួរបូជាមហេស្វរៈ; ហើយពេលនិយាយ «នមះ សិវាយ» គួរថ្វាយវត្ថុនីមួយៗភ្ជាប់ជាមួយមន្ត្រនេះ។

Word by Word

• पुष्पैः: with flowers
• पुष्पैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुष्प (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (instrumental plural)

• पत्रैः: with leaves
• पत्रैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (instrumental plural)

• अथ: or/then
• अथ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/वाक्य-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; विकल्प/अनुक्रमसूचक (particle: or/then)

• अद्भिः: with water
• अद्भिः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (instrumental plural; irregular stem अप् → अद्भिः)

• वा: or
• वा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/वाक्य-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; विकल्पार्थक (or)

• चन्दनाद्यैः: with sandalwood etc.
• चन्दनाद्यैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चन्दनादि (प्रातिपदिक; चन्दन + आदि)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (instrumental plural); 'आदि' = etc. (and the like)

• महेश्वरम्: Maheśvara
• महेश्वरम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महेश्वर (प्रातिपदिक; महा + ईश्वर)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (accusative singular)

• उक्त्वा: having said
• उक्त्वा: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त; त्वा-प्रत्यय (absolutive/gerund); अव्ययभाव (having said/uttering)

• नमः: salutation
• नमः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/उक्ति)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नमस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययवत् प्रयोग (indeclinable interjection); नमस्कारार्थक (salutation)

• शिवाय: to Śiva
• शिवाय: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; चतुर्थी-विभक्ति, एकवचन (dative singular)

• इति: thus
• इति: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/उक्ति)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; उद्धरण/समाप्तिसूचक (quotative particle: thus)

• मन्त्रेण: with the mantra
• मन्त्रेण: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मन्त्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (instrumental singular)

• अनेन: by this
• अनेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; पुं/नपुंसक; तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (instrumental singular: by this)

• योजयेत्: should apply/join (use)
• योजयेत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: युज् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद; प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन (3rd sg. optative)

Speaker

Lord Kūrma (Viṣṇu) instructing sages on Śiva-upāsanā and mantra-vidhi (Śaiva–Vaiṣṇava synthesis).

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhakti

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Characters & Entities

• Maheśvara (Śiva)
• Namaḥ Śivāya (pañcākṣarī mantra)
• Candana (sandalwood)
• Puṣpa (flowers)
• Jala/Āpas (water)

More Details (3 sections)

FAQs

How does this verse explain the nature of the Supreme Self (Atman)?

By directing worship to Maheśvara through the pañcākṣarī “namaḥ śivāya,” the verse implies a single supreme Lord approachable through mantra and devotion—pointing to the Atman’s orientation toward Īśvara as the inner ruler (antaryāmin) rather than mere external ritual.

What Yoga or Meditative practices are highlighted here?

It emphasizes mantra-yoga in pūjā: each offering (flower, leaf, water, sandalwood) is to be ‘joined’ with the mantra, training attention (ekāgratā) and devotional absorption (bhāva) through repeated japa synchronized with ritual action.

How does this verse depict the relationship between Shiva and Vishnu?

With Lord Kūrma teaching Śiva-mantra worship, the Purāṇa presents a harmonizing theology: devotion to Śiva is taught within a Vaiṣṇava narrative voice, reinforcing Śiva–Viṣṇu unity through shared dharma and upāsanā.