Shukla Yajur Veda — Adhyaya 12, Mantra 73
Rishi: Yājñavalkya (traditional Vājasaneyin attribution for the Saṃhitā corpus)
Devata: Āpaḥ / Tejas (Waters as luminous purifiers)
Chandas: Mixed/Anuṣṭubh-like cadence (Saṃhitā prose-verse; not a strict Ṛgvedic meter)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
वि मु॑च्यध्वमघ्न्या देवयाना॒ अग॑न्म॒ तम॑सस्पा॒रम॒स्य । ज्योति॑रापाम्
Transliteration
ví muñcyadhvam aghnyā devayānā agánma támasas pā́ram asyá | jyótir āpām
Translation
解き放たれよ、ああ侵すべからざる牝牛たちよ、神々の道を行く者たちよ。われらはこの闇の彼岸へと渡り――水の光明へと至った。
Padapatha (Word Analysis)
वि । मु॑च्यध्वम् । अघ्न्याः । देव-यानाḥ । अ॒ग॑न्म । तमसः । पारम् । अ॒स्य । ज्योतिः । आपाम् ।
Word by Word
विapart, asunder (intensifier with the verb)
वि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवि (उपसर्ग)
मुच्यध्वम्be released / free yourselves
मुच्यध्वम्:
Kartā (you all, as the grammatical subject of passive) / Karma implied (bondage)
TypeVerb
Rootमुच् (धातु)
अघ्न्याःO inviolable ones (cows)
अघ्न्याः:
Kartā (vocative-like address in sense; formally nominative)
TypeNoun
Rootअघ्न्या (प्रातिपदिकम्)
देवयानाgoing by the gods’ path / godward
देवयाना:
Kartā-विशेषणम्
TypeAdjective
Rootदेवयान (प्रातिपदिकम्)
अगन्मwe went / we have gone
अगन्म:
Kartā (we)
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (धातु)
तमसःfrom darkness
तमसः:
Apādāna
TypeNoun
Rootतमस् (प्रातिपदिकम्)
पारम्to the far shore / beyond
पारम्:
Karma (goal reached)
TypeNoun
Rootपार (प्रातिपदिकम्)
अस्यof this
अस्य:
सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम्)
ज्योतिःlight
ज्योतिः:
Karma (object sought/attained) or Kartā (as ‘light’ in apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootज्योतिस् (प्रातिपदिकम्)
आपाम्of the waters
आपाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootआप् (प्रातिपदिकम्)
Entities Mentioned
Ā
Āpaḥ (Waters)T
Tejas / Jyotis (Luminous principle)D
Devayāna (Path of the Gods)Ritual Context
Viniyoga (Ritual Application)
Commentary Summary
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes