Shloka 9

Sadācāra–Varṇa-lakṣaṇa and Prātaḥkṛtya

Right Conduct, Social Typologies, and Morning Purification

Devanagari script

निशांत्यायामोषा ज्ञेया यामार्धं संधिरुच्यते । तत्काले तु समुत्थाय विण्मूत्रे विसृजेद्द्विजः

Transliteration

niśāṃtyāyāmoṣā jñeyā yāmārdhaṃ saṃdhirucyate | tatkāle tu samutthāya viṇmūtre visṛjeddvijaḥ

Translation

夜の終わりの時分はウシャー（uṣā）すなわち暁と知られ、半ヤーマにわたる「サンディ」（sandhi、接合の刻）と呼ばれる。その時、起き上がった二度生まれ（ドヴィジャ）は、自然の浄めとして大便と小便を排すべきである。

Word by Word

• niśā-antyāyām: at the end of the night
• niśā-antyāyām: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: niśā (प्रातिपदिक) + antya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः: niśāyāḥ antyāyām = at the end of the night

• uṣā: dawn
• uṣā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: uṣā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• jñeyā: is to be known (as)
• jñeyā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: jñā (धातु)
• Form: Gerundive/Obligatory passive participle (तव्यत्/यत्-प्रत्यय, भाव्य/कर्तव्य), Feminine, Nominative, Singular; 'to be known/should be understood'

• yāma-ardham: half a yāma (a time-period)
• yāma-ardham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yāma (प्रातिपदिक) + ardha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः: yāmasya ardham = half of a yāma

• saṃdhiḥ: junction (twilight period)
• saṃdhiḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saṃdhi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

• ucyate: is called
• ucyate: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vac (धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), Passive voice (कर्मणि), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• tat-kāle: at that time
• tat-kāle: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative (7th), Singular; तत्पुरुषः: tasmin kāle = at that time

• tu: but/indeed
• tu: Sambandha/Discourse particle (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात), adversative/emphatic

• samutthāya: having risen
• samutthāya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-ut-sthā (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा), 'having risen/after getting up'

• viṭ-mūtre: in (matters of) feces and urine
• viṭ-mūtre: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: viṭ (प्रातिपदिक) + mūtra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Locative (7th), Dual (द्विवचन); इतरेतर-द्वन्द्वः: feces and urine

• visṛjet: should void/should excrete
• visṛjet: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi-sṛj (धातु)
• Form: Optative/benedictive mood (विधिलिङ्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular

• dvijaḥ: a twice-born (Brahmin)
• dvijaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dvija (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular

Speaker

Suta Goswami (narrating traditional Shaiva dharma and observances to the sages)

Shaiva Theology

Tattva Level: pashu

Shiva Form: Sadāśiva

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in the Shiva Purana?

It teaches śauca (purity) and disciplined timing: rising at dawn-sandhi and completing bodily purification is presented as the proper foundation for later Sandhyā, japa, and Shiva-pūjā—outer order supporting inner steadiness on the path to moksha.

How does this verse relate to the worship of the Linga or Saguna Shiva?

Linga-worship emphasizes cleanliness and readiness of body-mind; by instructing purification at dawn-sandhi, the text aligns the devotee with an auspicious time for approaching Saguna Shiva in ritual, so the subsequent offerings, mantra-japa, and meditation are done without impurity.

What ritualistic or meditative practice is suggested here?

A practical dinācārya step: rise at dawn-sandhi (uṣā), attend to natural elimination and cleanliness first, and then proceed to Sandhyā, Shiva mantra-japa (such as the Pañcākṣarī), and worship with a purified body and focused mind.