Shloka 39

Sadācāra–Varṇa-lakṣaṇa and Prātaḥkṛtya

Right Conduct, Social Typologies, and Morning Purification

Devanagari script

अन्येषां च यथा शक्तिमध्याह्ने च शतं जपेत् । सायं द्विदशकं ज्ञेयं शिखाष्टकसमन्वितम्

Transliteration

anyeṣāṃ ca yathā śaktimadhyāhne ca śataṃ japet | sāyaṃ dvidaśakaṃ jñeyaṃ śikhāṣṭakasamanvitam

Translation

他の者は各々の力に応じて、正午にジャパ（真言の反復）を百遍行うべきである。夕刻には十二遍と定められ、八支のシカー（śikhāの付属真言）を伴って儀礼の一部として修す。

Word by Word

• अन्येषाम्: of others
• अन्येषाम्: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन (Plural), पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Masculine/Neuter) — ‘of others’

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• यथा: as; according to
• यथा: क्रियाविशेषण (adverbial modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमान/प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of manner: ‘as/according to’)

• शक्ति: ability; capacity
• शक्ति: कर्म (object; measure/extent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन (Singular) — (in compound with ‘मध्याह्ने’)

• मध्याह्ने: at midday
• मध्याह्ने: अधिकरण (स्थान/काल; Locative of time)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मध्याह्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन (Singular)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• शतम्: a hundred
• शतम्: कर्म (object/quantity)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन (Singular) — संख्या (numeral)

• जपेत्: should recite (japa)
• जपेत्: क्रिया (verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: जप् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद (Parasmaipada)

• सायम्: in the evening
• सायम्: क्रियाविशेषण (time adverb)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सायम् (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of time)

• द्विदशकम्: twenty (a set of twenty)
• द्विदशकम्: कर्म/प्रत्ययार्थ (object/predicative measure)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वि + दशक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्विगु-समास (numerical compound), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया/प्रथमा (2nd/1st), एकवचन (Singular) — here as predicate/object ‘(a) twenty’

• ज्ञेयम्: is to be understood (as)
• ज्ञेयम्: विधेय (predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ज्ञा (धातु) + यत् (कृत्)
• Form: कृत्य-प्रत्यय (gerundive/future passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular) — ‘to be known/considered’

• शिखा-अष्टक-समन्वितम्: accompanied by the ‘śikhā-aṣṭaka’ (eightfold śikhā)
• शिखा-अष्टक-समन्वितम्: विशेषण (adjectival qualifier of ‘द्विदशकम्/ज्ञेयम्’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शिखा (प्रातिपदिक) + अष्टक (प्रातिपदिक) + समन्वित (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (determinative), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन (Singular) — ‘endowed with the śikhā-aṣṭaka’

Speaker

Suta Goswami

Shaiva Theology

Tattva Level: pashu

Shiva Form: Sadāśiva

Mantra Metadata

Mantra: praṇava (Oṃ) with śikhāṣṭaka (eight auxiliary/śikhā appendages)

Type: gayatri

Shakti Dimension

Role: nurturing

Characters & Entities

• Shiva

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in the Shiva Purana?

It teaches measured, capacity-based discipline in Shiva-mantra japa: steady repetition at set times purifies the paśu (individual soul) and turns the mind toward Pati (Lord Shiva), supporting gradual loosening of pāśa (bondage).

How does this verse relate to the worship of the Linga or Saguna Shiva?

The verse gives practical japa counts and ritual completeness (with śikhā-appendages), which are typically performed alongside Saguna Shiva worship—often before or after Linga-pūjā—so that mantra and external worship mutually reinforce devotion and inner concentration.

What ritualistic or meditative practice is suggested here?

A timed daily japa regimen: about 100 repetitions at midday and 12 in the evening, performed with the śikhāṣṭaka (eight auxiliary/appendage mantras) as part of a complete Shaiva rite.