Rig Veda 3.31.8: Mandala 3, Sukta 31, Mantra 8
Sukta 3.31
Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (traditional)
Devata: Indra (as slayer of Śuṣṇa; opener of heavenly paths)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; requires verification)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
सतःसतः प्रतिमानं पुरोभूर्विश्वा वेद जनिमा हन्ति शुष्णम् । प्र णो दिवः पदवीर्गव्युरर्चन्त्सखा सखीँरमुञ्चन्निरवद्यात् ॥
Transliteration
satáḥ-satáḥ pratimā́naṃ puró-bhūr víśvā veda jánimā hánti śúṣṇam | prá ṇo diváḥ padavī́r gavyúr arcant sakhā́ sakhī́m̐r amuñcan nír avadyā́t ||
Translation
彼はあらゆる在り方の「尺度」となり、先頭に立つ者、すべての出生を知り、シュシュナ（枯渇の力）を打ち倒す。われらのために、光り輝く牛群を求める者は、輝ける讃歌によって天の道筋を開いた。友は、縛る過失から仲間たちを解き放った。
Word by Word
सतःसतःcontinually, ever and again
सतःसतः:
Adhikaraṇa (adverbial: ‘continually/at every time’)
TypeNoun (used adverbially) / Adjective
Rootसत् (प्रा. < √अस् ‘to be’)
प्रतिtowards, in return, against
प्रति:
— (preverb/adverbial) संश्लेषः with following noun
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रति (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
मानम्measure, standard
मानम्:
Karma (object of an implied/understood action ‘sets/places/holds as a measure/standard’)
TypeNoun
Rootमान (प्रा. < √मा ‘to measure’)
पुरोभूःthe one who is foremost / who goes before
पुरोभूः:
Kartā (subject epithet, of Indra)
TypeAdjective (agent-noun)
Rootपुरो-भू (कृदन्त; पुरस् + √भू ‘to be/become’)
विश्वाall (things)
विश्वा:
Karma (object of √विद्)
TypeAdjective (substantivized)
Rootविश्व (प्रा.)
वेदknows
वेद:
— (finite verb)
TypeVerb
Root√विद् ‘to know’
जनिमाbirths, origins
जनिमा:
Karma (object of √विद्)
TypeNoun
Rootजनिमन्/जनिमा (प्रा. < √जन् ‘to be born, produce’)
हन्तिslays
हन्ति:
— (finite verb)
TypeVerb
Root√हन् ‘to strike, slay’
शुष्णम्Śuṣṇa (the demon)
शुष्णम्:
Karma (object of √हन्)
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootशुष्ण (प्रा.; demon-name)
प्रforth, forward
प्र:
— (preverb) modifies following verb/imperative
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्र (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
नःfor us, to us
नः:
Sampradāna (beneficiary: ‘for us’)
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
दिवःof heaven, from the sky
दिवः:
Apādāna/Adhikaraṇa (source/realm: ‘from heaven’ / ‘of heaven’)
TypeNoun
Rootदिव्/द्यौ (प्रा.)
पदवीःpaths, tracks
पदवीः:
Karma (object of an imperative like ‘make/lead forth’)
TypeNoun
Rootपदवी (प्रा.)
गव्युःcow-seeking, seeking cattle (wealth)
गव्युः:
Kartā (subject epithet, of the singer/Indra depending on construal)
TypeAdjective (epithet)
Rootगव्यु (प्रा.; ‘seeking cows’, from गो + √इ/√यु?)
अर्चन्praising, singing
अर्चन्:
Kartā (concomitant action: ‘praising’)
TypeVerb (participle)
Root√अर्च् ‘to praise, sing’
सखाfriend
सखा:
Kartā (subject)
TypeNoun
Rootसखि (प्रा.)
सखीःfriends, companions
सखीः:
Karma (object of √मुच्)
TypeNoun
Rootसखि (प्रा.)
अमुञ्चन्released, set free
अमुञ्चन्:
— (finite verb)
TypeVerb
Root√मुच् ‘to release’ (with augment a-)
निःout, forth
निः:
— (preverb) intensifies ‘out, forth’
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनिः (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
अवद्यात्from reproach, from fault
अवद्यात्:
Apādāna (source: ‘from blame/fault’)
TypeNoun
Rootअवद्य (प्रा.; ‘blame, reproach, fault’)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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