Rig Veda 3.23.1: Mandala 3, Sukta 23, Mantra 1

Sukta 3.23

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (RV 3.23)

Devata: Agni Jātavedas

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; confirm by metrical scan)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

निर्मथितः सुधित आ सधस्थे युवा कविरध्वरस्य प्रणेता । जूर्यत्स्वग्निरजरो वनेष्वत्रा दधे अमृतं जातवेदाः ॥

Transliteration

nir-máthitaḥ su-dhíta ā́ sadha-sthé yúvā kavír adhvarásya pra-netā́ | jū́ryat-su agnír ajáro váneṣv átrā́ dadhé amṛ́taṃ jāta-vedāḥ ||

Translation

攪き出され、よく据えられた彼は、祭儀の座へと来たる。若き詩聖、供犠の旅路の導き手。生い茂る森々のうちに、不老のアグニ—ジャータヴェーダス（Jātavedas）—はここに不死の甘露（amṛta）を据え置いた。

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Word by Word

• निर्मथितः: churned out, produced by churning
• निर्मथितः: Kartā (with implied ‘अग्निः’)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: निर्मथ् (नि+मथ्) / निर्मथित (PPP)

• सुधितः: well-set, well-placed/arranged
• सुधितः: Kartā (qualifier of the same subject)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: सु+धा (√धा ‘to put/arrange’) → सुधित (PPP)

• आ: to, towards; in
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb/preposition)
• Root: आ

• सधस्थे: in the seat/common place (ritual ground)
• सधस्थे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: सधस्थ (prātipadika)

• युवा: young
• युवा: Kartā (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: युवन् (prātipadika)

• कविः: seer, wise poet
• कविः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: कवि (prātipadika)

• अध्वरस्य: of the sacrifice/rite
• अध्वरस्य: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध्वर (prātipadika)

• प्रणेता: leader, guide (of the rite)
• प्रणेता: Kartā
• Type: Noun (agent)
• Root: प्र+नी (√नी ‘to lead’) → प्रणेता (agent noun)

• जूर्यत्सु: among those that are aging/decaying
• जूर्यत्सु: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: जूर्यत् (present participle of √जुर्/√जॄ ‘to age, wear out’) / जूर्यत् (prātipadika)

• अग्निः: Agni (fire)
• अग्निः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (prātipadika)

• अजरः: unaging, undecaying
• अजरः: Kartā (qualifier of अग्निः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अजर (prātipadika)

• वनेषु: in the woods/forests
• वनेषु: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: वन (prātipadika)

• अत्र: here
• अत्र: Adhikaraṇa (deictic)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्र

• दधे: he has placed/established
• दधे: Kriyā (finite verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √धा (to place, set)

• अमृतम्: immortality; the immortal (essence)
• अमृतम्: Karma
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: अमृत (prātipadika)

• जातवेदाः: Jātavedas (Agni), knower of births/creatures
• जातवेदाः: Kartā (apposition to अग्निः)
• Type: Noun (proper/epithet)
• Root: जातवेदस् (prātipadika; epithet of Agni)